Analysis Of George Wilson s God Freaking Idiots

God, Freaking Conformists (A constructed response to a quote by Colin Wilson) Conformity is a thing that most people succumb to unknowingly. A quote by Colin Wilson describes those poor souls as follows, The average man is a conformist, accepting miseries and disasters with the stoicism of a cow standing in the rain†. This quote could be interpreted as an insult of man and their cowardice, but if you look past it and think about the context of the world the quote is applying it becomes a massive discrediting of all that man stands for. The quote looks past the trivial little man and looks more so at the center of this damned society. This quote looks to denounce three major systems that perpetuate a constant stink of society breaking conformity. Those three horrendous breeding grounds of conformity are as follows, organized religion, patriarchal society, and the educational system. Organized religion is the end all be all source of the plague that is conformity. Ever since the dawn of the first organiz ed religion man has felt the pressure of his traitor’s brothers to not think for himself and just take what this new religion is telling him to do. This new religion and could tell this man to kill his first born for his god, and without thinking he would do if for the good of his lord. Does this man want to do this? Well, he has been so indoctrinated by his peers and his society that you should be a faithful man and listen to your god. This man’s mind would be so clouded

The United States Federal Government - 1162 Words

When voters elect representatives, they elect the leaders who will mold the future of the society. This is the reason why elections entitle an ordinary resident; it allows people to influence the future policies of the government, and people’s future. The United States relies on a complex system of government, where the national government is central but state and local governments utilize control over affairs that are not meant for the federal government. State and local governments have varying degrees of independence in how the organize elections within their jurisdiction, but they hold frequent and self-administered elections. Research on party control and the spread of public expenditures in the United States is sparse. Several studies of the United States federal government shows a positive association between share of spending going to a district and the Democratic vote in that area. Considering that Democrats were the majority in Congress during the observed year, the studied results reflect the behavior of the Democratic Party and the features of areas that tend to vote for Democratic party. Bipartisan system may be ideal, but it is clearly not a extensive event in the United States. Republicans dominate the Northeast and Middle West while the Democrats dominate the southern states. Republicans are seen as the conservative and emphasize their ideology on property rights and buildup of wealth and the Democrats are seen to favor social and economic policies. TheShow MoreRelatedThe United States Federal Government942 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States federal government should limit the influx of r efugees into the United States. Currently, three different entities oversee the United States Refugee Admissions Program. These entities are the Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, which falls under the Department of State, The Office of Refugee Resettlement, which is headed up by the Department of Health and Human Services, and select offices within the Department of Homeland Security. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration ServicesRead MoreFederal Government And The United States1498 Words   |  6 Pages Federal Government The United States of America government is called the federal government and is the republic of the fifty states which constitute the United States. It also constitutes the capital districts and several other territories. Now the government is made up of three different branches and they are the Executive, Legislature, and the Judicial. Those powers are all vested by the US constitution which is in the congress, the president, and also the federal court that also includesRead MoreThe United States And The Federal Government1057 Words   |  5 Pagesemploying over one hundred and fifty eight million in the year 2011 were in the workforce based on the United States, Bureau of Labor Statistics a federal agencies reporting to the Office of Personal Management, known as the federal government. The federal government is a perfect snapshot of how four different generations collaborate and work together, supporting and running our federal government. I think about 911 quite often; my company lost eleven victims was in the office at the World TradeRead MoreThe United States Federal Government Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesTo guarantee a partition of forces, the U.S. Federal Government is comprised of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. To guarantee the administration is successful and nationals rights are ensured, every branch has its own particular forces and obligations, incorporating working with alternate branches.(Branches of Government  · House.gov n.d.) The legislative branch is comprised of the House and Senate, referred to all in all as the Congress. Among different forces, the legislativeRead MoreThe United States Federal Government1238 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The United States Federal Government collects taxes to finance various services to the citizens. According to Rubin 2013, â€Å"Budgeting implies balance between revenues and expenditures, and it requires some kind of decision-making process.† A budget associates responsibilities to these resources, ensuring that money is available to go to war, infrastructure and to help citizens in need. 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The United States Federal government has its exercise of sovereignty, in other-words, it has legal and accepted authority to regulate people’s living within a certain geographic area that it has jurisdiction over—and also has regulatory power over, private and public sectors. Here in the United States we have a representative democracy, the government operates as if it is running a serviceRead MoreThe United States Federal Government875 Words   |  4 PagesToday, many Americans are firm believers that the federal government is constantly overreaching and causing citizens to feel harassed and mislead. The idea that the federal government has become overly powerful is exceedingly common throughout the United States. In many cases, the federal government does overstep by inappropriately using the power that they possess. However, there is a fine line between rebelling against the federal government for your own freedom and completely overlooking all ofRead MoreThe United States Federal Government Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pages The quality of life today for most Native Americans is drastically lower than that of the average non-Native American. Why? The United States federal government failed to continue the upward economic trajectory of the Native peoples. The aid and reconciliation Calvin Coolidge desired were not continued successfully. Instead, it is evident that while the Department of the Interior and the Presidential administrations after Coolidge have have had empathy and a desire for the Native Americans’Read MoreThe United States Federal Government1346 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States federal government is composed of three institutions, the Congress, the President, and the Supreme Court. Based on the Constitution of the United States, the federal system, and the separation of power, the three branches exist and each represents the three institutions, the legislative branch is vested by the Congress, the judicial branch is vested by the Supreme Court, and the executive branch is vest ed by the President. The three distinct branches are respectively independent

Development in Oil and Gas Management PoG 350

Question: Discuss about the Development in oil and gas management PoG 350. Answer: Introduction The study provides a brief view about the risk management process along with the importance of innovative strategies in an organization. Before initiating the risk management process, it is important to go through the risk assessment process in order to determine the risk presents in the present scenario (Glickman and Gough 2013). Risk assessment is a systematic method and sensible measurement process of identifying the risk that helps the organization to control the risk (Haimes 2015). The risk management process is method of prioritization that helps in general analyzing to build security goals and guidelines in order to reduce the uncertainty (Pritchard and PMP 2014). The organizations include innovative strategies to lead the business towards growth. In the present business market, some companies engage in strategic innovation to take their business in the next level. Apple, Dyson, Samsung, Barclay S, IKEA, BP are the well known companies that deliver new innovative products in the world market. On the other way, some companies such as Nokia, Blockbuster, BlackBerry, Mark and Spencer failed to make innovation in their production. The companies that pursue several innovative strategies are able to make more revenue and acquire sustainable growth. Due to improper management and lack of strategic innovation, other companies are lagging behind. Here, the researcher has chosen a company that incorporates several innovative strategies but somewhere it has more opportunities to make growth in their business. Here, the study discusses the above mentioned business activities by considering the company Oil Gas UK. The respective organization is the leading trade association for oil and gas industry of United Kingdom (Oilandgasuk.co.uk. 2016). In this particular study, the risk management procedure of the respective organization is demonstrated along with the innovative strategies they pursue and they need to pursue as well. Present business scenario and issue identification The present business scenario of Oil Gas UK would help to analyze the market position of the organization. In the year of 2014, the respective organization has provided 68% of the total primary energy of United Kingdom (Oilandgasuk.co.uk. 2016). According to DECC (Department of Energy Climate Change), the percentage will increase by 70 in the year of 2030 (Prpich, Coulon and Anthony 2015). In 2014, the average price of Brent oil is measured was $99 per barrel. This is lower than the amount measured in the past three years. It was $109, $112, $111 in the years 2013, 2012, 2011 respectively (Oilandgasuk.co.uk. 2016). The average price has been declined further in the year of 2015. It was $58 in 2015 (Oilandgasuk.co.uk. 2016). In the period 2014-2015, the organization has paid 2.2 billion on the corporate taxes of production. It is found as the lowest amount in the past 20 years due to the decreasing oil price (Oilandgasuk.co.uk. 2016). The prime goal of the organization is to reduce the expenditure as a whole and improve the efficiency. In 2014, the capital investment of Oil Cost UK was 14.8 billion which was the highest amount in the past four years (Oilandgasuk.co.uk. 2016). In the year of 2015, they have expected that the amount will be reduced up to 10-11 billion. As per their investment assumption, they have expected the amount of capital investment would fall by 2-4 billion every year (Bennear 2015). The operating cost of the organization was increased by 9% in the year 2014; it was 9.7 billion. In that year, Oil Gas UK expected to reduce their operating cost by 22% at the year of 2016. In addition, they expected to reduce it up to 9.3 billion and 8.6 billion in 2015 and 2016 respectively (Oilandgasuk.co.uk. 2016). Besides, the total pre-tax expenditure was raised by 3% in 2014. As a result, they have experienced rising expenditure as well as decreasing revenue in the last year. It led the organization to confront 4.2 billion cash flow deficit in 2015, which was the largest amount in its history (Oilandgasuk.co.uk. 2016). Risk assessment and Risk management process in Oil Gas UK As per the statement of Ward, Stuart and Bloomfield (2015), the environmental issues become the central point of risk assessment in the oil industry from the last decade. Oil Gas UK maintain a systematic procedure to identify the hazards. However, they fail to identify the scope of risk identification. Somehow, the traditional procedure fails to deal with the current challenges of world oil and gas market. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the major risk assessment process that the organization pays heed on (Tan, Ortiz-Gallardo and Perrons 2016). The organization has formalized the EIA process over time to make the process more effective. Apart from this, preliminary screening and scoping process is pursued in order to indentify the depth requirements of the organization. Akhurst et al. (2015) stated that certain risk evaluation and management process is followed by Oil and Gas UK in order to resolve the complexities and hitches found during the risk assessment process. Certain stages are included in the process of risk management such as hazard identification, identification of consequences, magnitude of consequences, probability of consequences, and risk reduction or elimination. It has been found that the company is facing cash flow deficit due to lower oil price in UK. Besides, the capital investment declines and at the same time the operating cost increases. In this context, the major hazard is the company is confronting problems regarding competition in the global market. Technological progress failed to reach the company in that position where it can acquire more revenue as well as profit. They failed to identify the consequences before and that is the reason they are facing this uncertainty in the present situation. In terms of these consequences, they need to address the root cause of this risk which they fail to do. Asgari et al. (2015) added that the organization might resolve the problems they have for short term period only which will cause long term issues. The long term issues might reach at a unsolvable stage if they are not uprooted. In this case, Oil Gas UK has taken the short term issue solving strategy that led them in todays complexity. Besides, it is important to determine the magnitude of consequences to predict the future risk that they might face in upcoming years. The magnitude of consequences helps in assuming the probability of the further consequences (Torres, Yadav and Khan 2016). Through predicting the future risk, an organization can make certain strategies to deal with the uncertainty. Oil Gas UK has skipped the stage of consequence identification and thus they failed to determine the magnitude as well as probability of consequences. The risk management process is pursued without implementing the previous major stages that made the company to face certain issues. The risk management process was not followed effectively which is one of the prime reasons behind the cash flow deficit that occurred recently in their business. Innovation in Oil Gas UK Trutnevyte et al. (2016) sated that strategic innovation is an approach and creative process that bring breakthrough ideas to drive the business towards growth and development. Strategic innovation is needed to acquire comparative advantages over the competitors and deliver strong competition to the rival companies as well. The prime mission of considering strategic innovation in the business process is to take the business in a new growth level and create a sustainable position in the market. It helps the organizations to look beyond their boundaries that help them to focus on both short term as well as long term outcomes. However, through pursuing innovative process, the organizations are able to expand their business, reduce cost in the long run, and reduce dependency on the workforce. On the other way, the employees lose their jobs due to this process. In Addition, company has to bare high expenses in the short run for incorporating new ideas and techniques. The above sections have discussed about the business scenario of Oil Gas UK in the present business market. Along with that, the study has brought out some of the major challenges that the company has been confronting since last 2-3 years. It has been found that technology progress has taken place in order to eliminate the complexities but could not meet the objectives. Innovation is required in the technology, business operations and activities to uproot the issues in the short run (Radnejad and Vredenburg 2015). Though, it is not possible to resolve all the problems exist in their business in the short period of time, thus long term planning as well as strategy is needed. Primarily, they need to reduce their operation cost and improve their efficiency to achieve their ultimate goal. Innovative management system and technology would help them to create more opportunities in order to grow their business. Asset integrity and reliability As per the statement of Webb (2015), asset integrity defines that the entire assets, that the organizations have, can perform effectively as well as safely as per the required actions. The Oil Gas UK require making sure that the assets it has are working correctly and fulfilling their expectations. It has been found that almost 30% of the platforms of their operating areas have been functioning foe more than 20 years and thus became ageing assets (Oilandgasuk.co.uk. 2016). These platforms are facing constant growing challenges in both the domestic as well as the world market. The major challenge that the company confronts regarding their assets can be split into two main categories. One is material related issues, and the other one is inspection and maintenance issue. Before initiating innovative business process, they need to create innovation ways in the material utilized in their production process. Apart from this, the management body should take innovative ways monitor the inte grity of the materials and understand the corrosion under insulation. Material As opined by Dholakia et al. (2015), it is important for the organizations to understand as well as monitor the integrity of the materials in order to reduce the probability of uncertainty. Through adopting innovative ways, Oil Gas UK can enhance the material performances in the changing environments. A high level of guidelines can be established to create several managing ways when the workers have to change the operational processes on the existing materials (Trutnevyte et al. 2016). The process of predictability of asset life provides the opportunity to extend the life of the existing assets. In addition, the company needs to apply Full Life Cycle Design (FLCD) principles to maximize the asset life. Inspection and Maintenance In the present situation, the company is seeking new strategies and ideas in inspection and maintenance of the assets. Best engineering practices need to be implemented to increase accuracy of fatigues (Banks 2015). The process of controlling obsolescence would help to manage the component obsolescence in an effective way. The upgraded obsolete subsea control system would help to control the obsolescence (Hansen and Steen 2015). Seven dimensions within a strategic innovation framework According to Upham, et al.(2015), the strategy innovation process is the systematic ways of creation of certain growth strategies and implementation in the business models. Along with seven dimensions, the strategy innovation framework of the respective organization can be framed. Seven Dimensions strategy innovation process Time frame 1. A managed innovation Process Along with the traditional approaches, Oil Gas UK should implement some non-traditional approaches in their business. Through identifying the internal capabilities, they would able to facilitate the interplay between internal practices and the external opportunities (Littleford et al. 2016). 2 months 2. Strategic Alignment It is the process of building internal support for the business activities (Costa-Campi, Garca-Quevedo and Trujillo-Baute 2015). This would help the stakeholders of the company to pursue common goal, vision, and actions. 6 months 3. Industry Foresight Storbacka and Nenonen (2015) stated that it is the understanding of emerging and converging trends. Besides adopting new technology, the company should look over the alternative ways of innovation in order to deal with the challenges. 1 month 4. Consumer/Customer Insight It defines the ways of understanding both the articulated and unarticulated requirements of the existing as well as potential consumers (Song and Oh 2015). Through prioritizing the customers, they can achieve their goal of improving efficiency. 6 months 5. Core Technologies and Competencies The core technology and competencies of Oil Gas UK is the set of their internal capabilities, assets of the company, and organizational competencies. Through increasing the core technology, the organization would able to value their customers more. 8 months 6. Organizational Readiness It determines the ability of the organization to implement new ideas and techniques. It has been found that technological progress was occurred but failed to eliminate the problems it has. Innovation is needed to manage all the operational, financial, and political factors (Haugh 2015). 6 months 7. Disciplined Implementation After planning the strategies, the company needs to implement them in a different way. The management body of the organization could keep track records of their operational progress. All the activities need to be framed in order to help all the stakeholders to perform efficiently. 12 months Table 1: Seven dimensions of strategic innovation framework (Source: Foss and Saebi 2015) Figure 1: Seven dimensions of strategic innovation framework (Source: Foss and Saebi 2015) Conclusion The study concludes that the average price of oil and gas has been decreasing in United Kingdom, thus the organization Oil Gas UK are confronting certain challenges. The operating cost of the company increases and this make them to face cash flow deficit. In the risk assessment process, they failed to address the scope of the risk identification. This results low comparative advantages in the world market. Further, it has been found that technological progress could not help the company to increase their revenue. Therefore, the study asserts that the company needs to adopt innovative strategies and techniques in order to deal with the difficulties present in the current business scenario. The seven dimensions of strategic innovation have manifested the fields that the company should look over. Reference List Akhurst, M., Hannis, S.D., Quinn, M.F., Shi, J.Q., Koenen, M., Delprat-Jannaud, F., Lecomte, J.C., Bossie-Codreanu, D., Nagy, S., Klimkowski, L. and Gei, D., 2015. Risk assessment-led characterisation of the SiteChar UK North Sea site for the geological storage of CO2.Oil Gas Science and TechnologyRevue dIFP Energies nouvelles. Asgari, N., Hassani, A., Jones, D. and Nguye, H.H., 2015. Sustainability ranking of the UK major ports: Methodology and case study.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,78, pp.19-39. Banks, M., 2015. UK businesses bag innovation awards.Physics World,28(9), p.9. Bennear, L.S., 2015. Offshore Oil and Gas Drilling: A Review of Regulatory Regimes in the United States, United Kingdom, and Norway.Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, p.reu013. Costa-Campi, M.T., Garca-Quevedo, J. and Trujillo-Baute, E., 2015. Challenges for RD and innovation in energy.Energy Policy,83, pp.193-196. Dholakia, U.M., Mittal, V., Han, K. and Dayal, A., 2015. Results from the Oil Gas Services Sector: The 2015 Strategy and Corporate Performance in the Energy Industry (SCOPE) Study.Available at SSRN. Foss, N.J. and Saebi, T. eds., 2015.Business Model Innovation: The Organizational Dimension. OUP Oxford. Glickman, T.S. and Gough, M., 2013.Readings in risk. Routledge. Haimes, Y.Y. ed., 2015.Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Hansen, G.H. and Steen, M., 2015. Offshore oil and gas firms involvement in offshore wind: Technological frames and undercurrents.Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions,17, pp.1-14. Haugh, A., 2015. Position Fixing Requirement of the Oil Industry.The International Hydrographic Review,58(1). Littleford, S.J., Holyoak, S., Birch, W. and Shepherd, D., 2016, January. Subsurface Wireless Intervention Technology Development for the Acquisition of Subsurface Static and Dynamic Fluid Level in Oil and Gas Wells. InSPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Oilandgasuk.co.uk. (2016). Oil Gas UK. [online] Available at: https://oilandgasuk.co.uk/ [Accessed 24 Mar. 2016]. Pritchard, C.L. and PMP, P.R., 2014.Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press. Prpich, G., Coulon, F. and Anthony, E.J., 2015. Review of the scientific evidence to support environmental risk assessment of shale gas development in the UK.Science of The Total Environment. Radnejad, A.B. and Vredenburg, H., 2015. Collaborative competitors in a fastchanging technology environment: open innovation in environmental technology development in the oil and gas industry.International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management,19(1-2), pp.77-98. Song, C. and Oh, W., 2015. Determinants of innovation in energy intensive industry and implications for energy policy.Energy Policy,81, pp.122-130. Storbacka, K. and Nenonen, S., 2015. Learning with the market: Facilitating market innovation.Industrial Marketing Management,44, pp.73-82. Tan, K.H., Ortiz-Gallardo, V.G. and Perrons, R.K., 2016. Using Big Data to manage safety-related risk in the upstream oil gas industry: A research agenda.Energy Exploration Exploitation,34(2), pp.282-289. Torres, L., Yadav, O.P. and Khan, E., 2016. A review on risk assessment techniques for hydraulic fracturing water and produced water management implemented in onshore unconventional oil and gas production.Science of The Total Environment,539, pp.478-493. Trutnevyte, E., McDowall, W., Tomei, J. and Keppo, I., 2016. Energy scenario choices: Insights from a retrospective review of UK energy futures.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,55, pp.326-337. Upham, P., Lis, A., Riesch, H. and Stankiewicz, P., 2015. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. Ward, R.S., Stuart, M.E. and Bloomfield, J.P., 2015. The hydrogeological aspects of shale gas extraction in the UK. Webb, J., 2015. Improvising innovation in UK urban district heating: The convergence of social and environmental agendas in Aberdeen.Energy Policy,78, pp.265-272.

Restructuring - Removing and Reviewing the Social Contract

Question: Discuss about the Restructuring, Removing and Reviewing the Social Contract. Answer: History of James Hardie James Hardie was founded in the late nineteenth century, and became an iconic company, especially in Australia in the twentieth century, for mining, importing and manufacturing asbestos-based products. Commonly referred to as fibro, fibro-cement played a key role in the growth of expanding cities as it was a cheaper alternative to brick, but supposedly safe and durable. However, fibro sold by James Hardie was made of asbestos, which even back in the 1930s was known to be causing deadly lung disease (Ministry of Health Report 1938, cited in Kjellstrom 2004). Indeed, for James Hardie, the first workers compensation case occurred in 1939 (Hills, 2005); but it was not until the mid-1960s that James Hardie was given information on asbestos-related diseases among its employees in which they were told that liabilities could be as high as A$1.5 million, which set against shareholders funds of $30 million seemed significant (Haigh, 2006). Despite these health warnings and potential impact of liabilities from compensation, James Hardie continued to manufacture the product until 1987. Asbestos and its health impacts Asbestos has been found to cause many medical conditions including lung disease and, in particular, mesothelioma, lung cancer and asbestosis. Mostly, however, it takes between 15 to 30 years before symptoms present themselves after people are exposed to asbestos dust (Smartt, 2004). Asbestos was mainly used in domestic and industrial buildings, brake linings, fibro sheeting, pipes and insulation. The health effects of its use are not limited to employees, however; they also include neighbours of mines and manufacturing plants, and demolition contractors. These effects are recognized internationally (Jackson, 2004). The fact that the medical implications of exposure to asbestos were known as early as the late 1930s, and that James Hardie knew about it via their own employees workers compensation claims in the 60s, and the fact that it took another 20 years until the manufacture of asbestos products ceased, showed that manufacturers knew at an early stage about the dangers of asbestos and made a commercial decision to keep producing it, thereby jeopardizing lives (Spender, 2003: 235). The Medical Research Compensation Foundation (MRCF) and restructure In early 2001, the board of James Hardie made several announcements, one of which was the establishment of the MRCF. This fund was to compensate sufferers of asbestos related diseases and claims against two former James Hardie subsidiaries and fund medical research aimed at finding cures for these diseases (JHIL, 2001). The fund was established to effectively resolve any liability in relation to asbestos, which would then allow the board to concentrate on growing the company for the benefit of all shareholders (JHIL, 2001). The foundation was supposed to have sufficient funds (A$293 million) to cover all legitimate past and future claims; the funding was by way of ownership of subsidiaries Amaca and Amaba which had net assets of $293 million, and James Hardie also stated that any leftover funds would be used to support further research on lung disease (JHIL, 2001). Later in 2001, a new holding company was set up, called James Hardie Industries NV (JHI NV), and the group moved to the Netherlands where Australia has no civil law enforcement agreements. The decision to restructure and relocate was granted by the Supreme Court of New South Wales, based on the assurance by the company that any future claims would be met and backed up by partially paid shares in JHIL held by JHI NV. However, these shares were subsequently cancelled when JHIL (later known as ABN 60 Pty Ltd) vested in a new company, the ABN 60 Foundation, which was still supposedly able to meet any obligations for the MRCF. The complex structures and restructure of James Hardie made it harder to guarantee the liability of claims would be met. The MRCF, however, had been substantially underfunded. A report by KPMG re-estimated the liabilities to be A$693 million, rising to $1044 million in 2000 (Haigh, 2006). The shortfall caused much activity by lobby groups such as trade unions and local councils, resulting in the 2004 Jackson Inquiry. The findings indicated that James Hardie had acted within the law; however, it also discovered that James Hardie did not use reliable actuarial estimates, the company had made misleading public statements and appeared to be deliberately avoiding its moral obligations to society (Tozer and Hamilton 2006). The future for James Hardie and its victims James Hardie agreed that the MRCF was underfunded. In 2005, James Hardie signed a Final Funding Agreement (FFA) with the NSW state government, where claims were re-estimated to be A$4.5 billion over 40 years (Slater and Gordon, 2005). Negotiations then began with the Australian Taxation Office to set up a charitable organisation to fund the rest of the expected liabilities related to asbestos exposure. The arrangement established the Asbestos Injuries Compensation Fund Limited (AICFL), which would receive income annually from James Hardie according to a formula based on a percentage of free cash flow and a cap percentage. The arrangement was agreed to by shareholders in early February 2007 as it is consistent with current investor and Australian Community expectations (JHI NV, 2007). Little did James Hardie know that one week later, ASIC would commence proceedings into the actions of former and current directors and executives, alleging breaches of the Corporations Act 2001. The five allegations were: Misleading communications in 2001 regarding the establishment of the MRCF. Failure to disclose in relation to Deed of Covenants between MRFC and JHIL. Restructure of the group: The scheme of arrangement, specifically the information memorandum, was misleading in terms of its lack of disclosure in relation to the meeting of future obligations. Misleading executive presentations: in 2002, presentations made to institutional investors contained information on the supposed adequacy of the MRCF in meeting its obligations in relation to asbestos liabilities. Failure of care and diligence: in relation to the cancellation of shares in JHIL, and the failure of information disclosed to ASX and ASIC in relation to the cancellation. Currently, according to ASIC (2007) the investigation, which continues, has involved a complex corporate structure, it has spanned three countries (the US, the UK and Australia) and it has involved about 348 documents, 72 examinations and the issuing of 284 notices to obtain evidence. The investigating continues as does the increase in the number of victims being identified and claims sought. It appears that the profit motive was prioritised by James Hardie at the expense of the social contract. References: ASIC, ASIC Commences proceedings relating to James Hardie, Media Release 07-35, Thursday 15 February 2007. Haigh, G., Asbestos House: The secret history of James Hardie Industries (Melbourne: Scribe, 2006). Hellicar, M., Managing Corporate Social Responsibility, Paper presented to the Social Responsibility of Company Directors Workshop, Monash University, Melbourne, 16 March 2005. Hills, B., The James Hardie Story: Asbestos victims claims evaded by manufacturers, International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Vol. 11 Iss. 2 (2005), 212-14. Jackson, D.F.Q., Report for the Special Commission of Inquiry into the Medical Research Compensation Foundation (Sydney: The Cabinet Office, NSW Government, 2004). James Hardie Industries, available at: https://jameshardie.com.au, viewed 2007. James Hardie Industries Limited (JHIL), Media Release, 16 February 2001; cited in Jackson (2004) Sec 2.35, and Haigh (2006), 273-4. Kjellstrom, T.E., The epidemic of asbestos-related diseases in New Zealand International Journal of Environmental Health, Vol. 10, Iss. 2 (2004), 212-19. Slater and Gordon (2005), available at: www.slatergordon.com.au/news/docs/WEBSITE%20Hardie%20lead%20v2.pdf Smartt, P., Mortality, morbidity and asbestosis in New Zealand: the hidden legacy of asbestos exposure, The New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 117 (2004), 1205. Spender, P., Blue asbestos and golden eggs: evaluation bankruptcy and class actions as just responses to mass tort liability, Sydney Law Review, Vol. 25 (2003), 223-63.

113 Great Research Paper Topics

3 Great Research Paper Topics SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the hardest parts of writing a research paper can be just finding a good topic to write about. Fortunately we’ve done the hard work for you and have compiled a list of 3 interesting research paper topics. They’ve been organized into ten categories and cover a wide range of subjects so you can easily find the best topic for you. In addition to the list of good research topics, we've included advice on what makes a good research paper topic and how you can use your topic to start writing a great paper. What Makes a Good Research Paper Topic? Not all research paper topics are created equal, and you want to make sure you choose a great topic before you start writing. Below are the three most important factors to consider to make sure you choose the best research paper topics. #1: It’s Something You’re Interested In A paper is always easier to write if you’re interested in the topic, and you’ll be more motivated to do in-depth research and write a paper that really covers the entire subject. Even if a certain research paper topic is getting a lot of buzz right now or other people seem interested in writing about it, don’t feel tempted to make it your topic unless you genuinely have some sort of interest in it as well. #2: There’s Enough Information to Write a Paper Even if you come up with the absolute best research paper topic and you’re so excited to write about it, you won’t be able to produce a good paper if there isn’t enough research about the topic. This can happen for very specific or specialized topics, as well as topics that are too new to have enough research done on them at the moment. Easy research paper topics will always be topics with enough information to write a full-length paper. Trying to write a research paper on a topic that doesn’t have much research on it is incredibly hard, so before you decide on a topic, do a bit of preliminary searching and make sure you’ll have all the information you need to write your paper. #3: It Fits Your Teacher’s Guidelines Don’t get so carried away looking at lists of research paper topics that you forget any requirements or restrictions your teacher may have put on research topic ideas. If you’re writing a research paper on a health-related topic, deciding to write about the impact of rap on the music scene probably won’t be allowed, but there may be some sort of leeway. For example, if you’re really interested in current events but your teacher wants you to write a research paper on a history topic, you may be able to choose a topic that fits both categories, like exploring the relationship between the US and North Korea. No matter what, always get your research paper topic approved by your teacher first before you begin writing. 3 Good Research Paper Topics Below are 3 good research topics to help you get you started on your paper. We’ve organized them into ten categories to make it easier to find the type of research paper topics you’re looking for. Arts/Culture Discuss the main differences in art from the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance. Analyze the impact a famous artist had on the world. How is sexism portrayed in different types of media (music, film, video games, etc.)? Has the amount/type of sexism changed over the years? How has the music of slaves brought over from Africa shaped modern American music? How has rap music evolved in the past decade? How has the portrayal of minorities in the media changed? Current Events What have been the impacts of China’s one child policy? How have the goals of feminists changed over the decades? How has the Trump presidency changed international relations? Analyze the history of the relationship between the United States and North Korea. What factors contributed to the current decline in the rate of unemployment? What have been the impacts of states which have increased their minimum wage? How do US immigration laws compare to immigration laws of other countries? How have the US’s immigration laws changed in the past few years/decades? How has the Black Lives Matter movement affected discussions and view about racism in the US? What impact has the Affordable Care Act had on healthcare in the US? What factors contributed to the UK deciding to leave the EU (Brexit)? What factors contributed to China becoming an economic power? Discuss the history of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Education Do students in schools that eliminate grades do better in college and their careers? Do students from wealthier backgrounds score higher on standardized tests? Do students who receive free meals at school get higher grades compared to when they weren’t receiving a free meal? Do students who attend charter schools score higher on standardized tests than students in public schools? Do students learn better in same-sex classrooms? How does giving each student access to an iPad or laptop affect their studies? What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Montessori Method? Do children who attend preschool do better in school later on? What was the impact of the No Child Left Behind act? How does the US education system compare to education systems in other countries? What impact does mandatory physical education classes have on students’ health? Which methods are most effective at reducing bullying in schools? Do homeschoolers who attend college do as well as students who attended traditional schools? Does offering tenure increase or decrease quality of teaching? How does college debt affect future life choices of students? Should graduate students be able to form unions? Ethics What are different ways to lower gun-related deaths in the US? How and why have divorce rates changed over time? Is affirmative action still necessary in education and/or the workplace? Should physician-assisted suicide be legal? How has stem cell research impacted the medical field? How can human trafficking be reduced in the United States/world? Should people be able to donate organs in exchange for money? Government Which types of juvenile punishment have proven most effective at preventing future crimes? Has the increase in US airport security made passengers safer? Analyze the immigration policies of certain countries and how they are similar and different from one another. Several states have legalized recreational marijuana. What positive and negative impacts have they experienced as a result? Do tariffs increase the number of domestic jobs? Which prison reforms have proven most effective? Should governments be able to censor certain information on the internet? Health Which methods/programs have been most effective at reducing teen pregnancy? What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Keto diet? How effective are different exercise regimes for losing weight and maintaining weight loss? How do the healthcare plans of various countries differ from each other? What are the most effective ways to treat depression? What are the pros and cons of genetically modified foods? Which methods are most effective for improving memory? What can be done to lower healthcare costs in the US? What factors contributed to the current opioid crisis? Analyze the history and impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Are low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets more effective for weight loss? How much exercise should the average adult be getting each week? Which methods are most effective to get parents to vaccinate their children? What are the pros and cons of clean needle programs? How does stress affect the body? History Discuss the history of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians. What were the causes and effects of the Salem Witch Trials? Who was responsible for the Iran-Contra situation? How has New Orleans and the government’s response to natural disasters changed since Hurricane Katrina? What events led to the fall of the Roman Empire? What were the impacts of British rule in India? Was the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki necessary? What were the successes and failures of the women’s suffrage movement in the United States? What were the causes of the Civil War? How did Abraham Lincoln’s assassination impact the country and reconstruction after the Civil War? Which factors contributed to the colonies winning the American Revolution? What caused Hitler’s rise to power? Discuss how a specific invention impacted history. What led to Cleopatra’s fall as ruler of Egypt? How has Japan changed and evolved over the centuries? What were the causes of the Rwandan genocide? Religion Why did Martin Luther decide to split with the Catholic Church? Analyze the history and impact of a well-known cult (Jonestown, Manson family, etc.) How did the sexual abuse scandal impact how people view the Catholic Church? How has the Catholic church’s power changed over the past decades/centuries? What are the causes behind the rise in atheism/agnosticism in the United States? What were the influences in Siddhartha's life resulted in him becoming the Buddha? How has media portrayal of Islam/Muslims changed since September th? Science/Environment How has the earth’s climate changed in the past few decades? How has the use and elimination of DDT affected bird populations in the US? Analyze how the number and severity of natural disasters have increased in the past few decades. Analyze deforestation rates in a certain area or globally over a period of time. How have past oil spills changed regulations and cleanup methods? How has the Flint water crisis changed water regulation safety? What are the pros and cons of fracking? What impact has the Paris Climate Agreement had so far? What have NASA’s biggest successes and failures been? How can we improve access to clean water around the world? Does ecotourism actually have a positive impact on the environment? Should the US rely on nuclear energy more? What can be done to save amphibian species currently at risk of extinction? What impact has climate change had on coral reefs? How are black holes created? Technology Are teens who spend more time on social media more likely to suffer anxiety and/or depression? How will the loss of net neutrality affect internet users? Analyze the history and progress of self-driving vehicles. How has the use of drones changed surveillance and warfare methods? Has social media made people more or less connected? What progress has currently been made with artificial intelligence? Do smartphones increase or decrease workplace productivity? What are the most effective ways to use technology in the classroom? How is Google search affecting our intelligence? When is the best age for a child to begin owning a smartphone? Has frequent texting reduced teen literacy rates? How to Write a Great Research Paper Even great research paper topics won’t give you a great research paper if you don’t hone your topic before and during the writing process. Follow these three tips to turn good research paper topics into great papers. #1: Figure Out Your Thesis Early Before you start writing a single word of your paper, you first need to know what your thesis will be. Your thesis is a statement that explains what you intend to prove/show in your paper. Every sentence in your research paper will relate back to your thesis, so you don’t want to start writing without it! As some examples, if you’re writing a research paper on if students learn better in same-sex classrooms, your thesis might be â€Å"Research has shown that elementary-age students in same-sex classrooms score higher on standardized tests and report feeling more comfortable in the classroom.† If you’re writing a paper on the causes of the Civil War, your thesis might be â€Å"While the dispute between the North and South over slavery is the most well-known cause of the Civil War, other key causes include differences in the economies of the North and South, states’ rights, and territorial expansion." #2: Back Every Statement Up With Research Remember, this is a research paper you’re writing, so you’ll need to use lots of research to make your points. Every statement you give must be backed up with research, properly cited the way your teacher requested. You’re allowed to include opinions of your own, but they must also be supported by the research you give. #3: Do Your Research Before You Begin Writing You don’t want to start writing your research paper and then learn that there isn’t enough research to back up the points you’re making, or, even worse, that the research contradicts the points you’re trying to make! Get most of your research on your good research topics done before you begin writing. Then use the research you’ve collected to create a rough outline of what your paper will cover and the key points you’re going to make. This will help keep your paper clear and organized, and it’ll ensure you have enough research to produce a strong paper. What's Next? Are you also learning about dynamic equilibrium in your science class? We break this sometimes tricky concept down so it's easy to understand in our complete guide to dynamic equilibrium. (coming soon) Thinking about becoming a nurse practitioner? Nurse practitioners have one of the fastest growing careers in the country, and we have all the information you need to know about what to expect from nurse practitioner school. Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius? We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa).

Rbi Organisational Chart Essay Example

Rbi Organisational Chart Essay Example Rbi Organisational Chart Essay Rbi Organisational Chart Essay RESERVE BANK OF INDIA : ORGANISATION CENTRAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS GOVERNOR Dr. D. SUBBARAO DEPUTY GOVERNORS Dr. K. C. CHAKRABARTY Dr. SUBHIR GOKARN SHRI ANAND SINHA SHRI H. R. KHAN Co-ordination Work Executive Directors Department of Currency Management (Dr. N. Krishna Mohan, CGM) Financial Markets Department Shri V. K. Sharma Rural Planning Credit Department (Smt. Deepali Pant Joshi, CGM-inCharge) Customer Service Department (Shri Rajesh Verma, CGM) (G. Mahalingam, Chief General Manager) Financial Stability Unit (Dr. Rabi. N. Mishra, CGM) Secretarys Department (Smt. Grace E. Koshie, CGM Secretary) Central Vigilance Cell (Shri Kaza Sudhakar, Chief Vigilance Officer) Department of Communication (Alpana Killawala, CGM) Right to Information Department of Expenditure Budgetary Control (Smt Deepa Srivastava, CGM-inCharge) Shri V. S. Das (also First Appellate Authority under Right to Information Act) Shri G. Gopalakrishna Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Monetary Policy Department (Dr. Janak Raj, Adviser-in-Charge) Department of Economic and Policy Research (Shri B M Misra, Officer-inCharge) Department of Statistics Information Management (Shri A. B. Chakraborty, Officer-inCharge) Shri D. K. Mohanty Urban Banks Department (Shri A. Udgata, CGM-in-Charge) Shri S. Karuppasamy (also Alternate Appellate Authority under Right to Information Act) Premises Department (Shri K. R Ananda, CGM) Legal Department (Shri G. S. Hegde, Principal Legal Adviser) Department of Administration and Personnel Management Shri R. Gandhi Central Security Cell (Major General (Retd. ) Soli N. Pavri, Security Adviser) Internal Debt Management Department (Shri K. K. Vohra, CGM) Department of External Investments Operations (Smt. Madumita Sarkar Deb, CGM –in– Charge) Department of Non-Banking Supervision (Smt. Uma Subramaniam, CGM-inCharge) Department of Government Bank Accounts (Shri A. K. Bera, CGM) Inspection Department (including Internal Audit) (Shri Karunasagar, CGM) Department of Payment and Settlement Systems (Shri Vijay Chugh, CGM) Foreign Exchange Department (Smt Meena Hemchandra, CGM-in-Charge) Human Resource and Management Department (Shri Sandip Ghose, CGM in – Charge) Rajbhasha Department Shri P. Vijaya Bhaskar Department of Banking Supervision (Shri G. Jaganmohan Rao, CGMin-Charge) Shri. B. Mahapatra Department of Banking Operations and Development (Shri Deepak Singhal CGM-inCharge) Shri G. Padmanabhan Department of Information Technology (Dr. A. S. Ramasastri, CGM)

Demand and Supply Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Demand and Supply Paper - Essay Example This people interact in the market freely, or at the time there is intervention by the government or local authority (Welbourn 2007). The forces of demand supply come together and make up the market equilibrium. If the supply of a certain good or service is too high, this will push the price for that particular good or service downwards. If there is too much demand in the market surpassing the supply, the prices of the goods or service will go up (Welbourn 2007). This is because their will be too much money chasing too little goods. For the market to be in equilibrium the forces of demand, have to come together. This will help to determine the price of a particular good or service. To help take in this concept, I have decided to elaborate the concept of demand and supply using a good that most people cannot do without. Toothpaste. Most people tend to be extremely uncomfortable when they do not brush their teeth using toothpaste. The dentists also recommend people to brush their teeth with toothpaste at least twice in a day. This makes toothpaste a vital commodity in every household. QQuantity The above are the demand and supply curves for toothpaste. The demand curve is determined by plotting price on the y-axis and quantity on the x-axis. Since tooth paste is packed in different sachets containing different quantities. One can obtain this information in the local supermarkets. We take the different quantities of toothpaste and the amount they sold for. Through this method, one can easily come up with the demand curve for toothpaste. The same process is to be followed so as to determine the supply curve. The curve obtained by plotting the quantity on the x-axis and price on the y-axis (Welbourn 2007). Equilibrium is the point where the demand and supply curve intersect. In our case indicates no allocative inefficiency. The equilibrium price is P while the equilibrium price will be Q. This, however, is not static as the prices of toothpaste are constantly changi ng. These fluctuations have an effect on demand and supply curves. This will in turn affect the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity (Klein 2011). In our case, however, the markets are not in perfect equilibrium. This is because there might be excess demand or supply of toothpaste in the market. Another reason might also be that the market does not entirely depend on demand or supply forces to determine the market price (Welbourn 2007. There will be government intervention through taxes, licenses and various other regulations put in place by the government. There are two economic theories that may be used to explain this phenomenon. The first one is the theory of demand, and the other one is the theory of supply (Adil 2006). The theory explains the relationship between the goods demanded by the consumer and the prices. The more a good supplied in excess, in the market then the price for the good or service will drop. This will also have an effect on the equilibrium price as it will also drop. The other theory is that of supply theory. This theory explains that when consumers are in need of a product. That is the supply does not meet the consumers demand than the prices of that commodity increases. In other words, whenever the supply of a commodity is too much the price of a product will decrease (Klein 2011). For the market to be in perfect equilibrium, the following has to happen. The cost of production for any good or service should be constant. This

How german jews reacted to nazi persecution from 1933-1942 Essay

How german jews reacted to nazi persecution from 1933-1942 - Essay Example She deliberately and openly flouted this rule and continued to work until leaving the country several months later (Catts, p39). Perhaps her limited experiences of persecution and of the Nazis and Gestapo are what enabled her to defy the law that was intended to prevent her from working, in that she had not been made aware through experience of the possible consequences of her actions. Josef Stone and his family left Frankfurt and Germany just a few months after Gertrude Catts (Stone, p38), but those few months were enough to make his experiences of Nazi persecution quite different. Stone recalls how his family and neighbors began to feel insecure and mistrustful (Stone, p36), afraid to show friendliness towards one another in case it was noticed by the Nazis. He describes how he was arrested on Kristallnacht and subsequently released (perhaps because he was only sixteen years old), and how his father was arrested and imprisoned in Dachau two days later. Kristallnacht was a turning p oint for Jews living in Germany – after this point, says Stone, nobody felt comfortable living in Germany any more. Many of the documents describe similar experiences, and for most of the narrators, anti-Semitism was experienced on a day-to-day basis. For example, Catts and Weinberg say that they or their parents were forbidden to work in German companies or to work at all and Rosenthal describes how her father was forced to do various types of labor. Many of them describe further incidents of segregation of Jews and Germans and general anti-Semitism, some more pervasive than others. Herta Rosenthal, for example, mentions that because she did not â€Å"look Jewish† (Rosenthal, p67) she was able to escape some anti-Semitic behavior – she was served in German shops where her Jewish-looking mother was refused service. Most of the narrators describe incidents of jeering and name-calling at the hands of

Benefits of artificial intelligence to the society Research Paper

Benefits of artificial intelligence to the society - Research Paper Example Artificial intelligence can be defined as the intelligence that machines have. Artificial intelligence is also a scientific discipline in which, scientists try to develop machines with intelligence that is based on human intelligence (Boden, 2006). The intelligence that is provided to artificial beings such as computerized machineries is based on human development. This concept gain reputation on the basis of an ideal world in which, people’s jobs can be eased out with the help of machineries. With artificial intelligence, it is perceived that machines can perform better than humans and within much less time. According to John McCarthy, artificial intelligence is â€Å"the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs†. The history of computers is divided into generations and the concept of artificial intelligence comes under the heading of fifth generation. The fifth generation computers have artificial intelligence an d they are able to imitate common human functions like vision, natural language, comprehension, speech synthesis, usage of more specialized knowledge like human experts and many others. In other words, it can be said that computers with artificial intelligence are like artificial humans or robotics that are able to perform functions that human beings can perform. With artificial intelligence, many benefits can be achieved and these benefits are unlike simple computer systems as computerized machineries with artificial intelligence are much more efficient than simple computers. ... agents in form of artificial intelligent machines, which can do the works of humans such as in industrial setups where heavy works are required, machineries are installed to perform the work of many humans (Russell and Norvig, 2003). An artificially intelligent machine can perform the work of many humans with its intelligence and working expertise. However, human hand is required to make the machine continue working in the same manner. Because of machines involvement in business environment, where human effort is less required, the jobs of human beings are also not needed as the machine is able to perform the tasks of many people (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986). The administration feels that there is no need to pay a large number of people when a single machine can do what many people are doing. It can deprive people of their employment and compensation, which can be counted as a disadvantage associated with the artificial intelligence technology. The artificial intelligent machines can be used in healthcare sector for the provision of medical facilities to people in a manageable time. Again the machines keep the capacity of depriving people of their jobs in medical sector as they can handle the tasks of many doctors at one time. Less hospital staff will be required for handling patients as the efficient machines will be there to make available medical services to patients (Boden, 2006). According to John McCarthy (2007), there are many applications of artificial intelligence that can also be counted as benefits attached with the field of artificial intelligence such as speech recognition, understanding natural language, computer vision, expert systems and heuristic classification. The artificial intelligent systems can recognize speech, can understand natural language and

Selfish Love Vs Selfless Love English Literature Essay

Selfish Love Vs Selfless Love English Literature Essay Thomas Hardys fifty-seven chapter pastoral novel, Far From the Madding Crowd, endeavors to catalog love identifying all of its varied forms in hopes of distinguishing between selfish and selfless love. Using rhapsodic prose, elevated diction, and a succinct writing style, Hardy beautifully identifies distinct models of love to which he ultimately leaves to the audience to assess and label. The most assiduous and perceptive reader might even juxtapose Platos theories on love, written about two thousand years prior, and Hardys pastoral opus together to find several overlapping models. Hardy depicts three disparately dissimilar suitors, Gabriel Oak, Farmer William Boldwood, and Sergeant Francis Troy, in pursuit of one comely dame, Bathsheba Everdene. Through his masterful use of diction, prose, and style, Hardy concisely portrays Bathshebas varying suitors and their traits, sequentially identifying several of loves deviating patterns and ultimately enlightening the readers on loves to m ain forms. Farmer Boldwoods character marks the introduction of the second division. Boldwood possessed a selfish affection for Bathsheba, obsessing himself with only her beauty and elegance. He exhibited his love in outwardly expressing his jealousy, often making impossible demands of Bathsheba. I feel that I do, said Bathsheba; that is, if you demand it. But I am a changed woman-an unhappy woman-and not-not (347). This exchange between Bathsheba and Boldwood demonstrates how despite her obvious discontentment with her situation, he ignores her and continues to press her in order to achieve his desired goals. He does not want to tame her, rather own her beauty, brandishing it as a trophy for all to see. Paradoxically, Hardys portrait of Boldwood foreshadowed the outcome of his love for Bathsheba: The phases of Boldwoods life were ordinary enough, but his was not an ordinary natureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.If an emotion possessed him at all, it ruled him; a feeling not mastering him was entirely latent. Stagnant or rapid, it was never slow. He was always hit mortally, or he was missed (118). Boldwoods obsessive love, synonymous with Platos mania or smothering love, supplemented by his originally deranged nature subsequently consumed him (Thomassie 8). Plato distinguishes, and Hardy affirms, Boldwoods love as being trademark of Fatal Attraction love', a possessive, dependent, [and] jealous love (Thomassie 8). Hardys depiction of Boldwoods mania towards Bathsheba directly contrasts Gabriels agape. Likewise, Sergeant Troys love of and marriage with Bathsheba was selfish in nature. Troy never loved Bathsheba. He tricked her into marriage, wanting to be with her only because she was beautiful and because he could. Similar to Boldwood, Troy wanted to brandish her as a prize, a token of a true womanizer. During their marriage, Troy was often insensitive and shallowly indifferent towards Bathsheba, frequently spewing harsh words at her:   Ah! dont taunt me, madam. This woman is more to me, dead as she is, than ever you were, or are, or can be. If Satan had not tempted me with that face of yours, and those cursed coquetries, I should have married her. I never had another thought until you came in my way. Would to God that I had; but it is all too late! I deserve to live in torment for this! (281). Hardy dyes Troy in dishonest colors directly contrasting him with the righteous Gabriel. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Troys deformities lay deep down from a womans vision, whilst his embellishments were upon the very surface; thus contrasting with homely Oak, whose defects were patent to the blindest, and whose virtues were as metals in a mine (180). Furthermore, Platos flirtatious, teasing love ludis abridges Hardys portrayal of Troys selfish love (Thomassie 6). Ludis, a fleeting type of quick romance, epitomizes Troys ideas of love and romance, which he believes to end with marriage. Troys portrait of ludis joins Boldwoods negative mania and together they clash with Oaks agape. The novels conflicting theme of selfless love versus selfish love is epitomized in Hardys portraits of Bathshebas suitors. Gabriels agape reflect his sincere love and desire to please Bathsheba. Boldwoods mania mirrors his greedy desires of having a comely dame at his right hand. Troys ludis symbolizes his game-like perception of love and romance affirming his status as a womanizer. Ultimately, these portraits serve as Hardys conjectures on love, highlighting that Hardy believes in the success of a selfless love guided by fate.

Legality of Suicide and Assisted Suicide :: essays research papers

Suicide has become a big part of American society, year after year more people are taking their own lives for many different reasons. A lot of philosophers have broken down all the reasons of suicides into two different categories, rational suicide and irrational suicide. A rational suicide has been given five basic criteria that usually must be met for the person's act to be considered rational. The five criteria which a person must show for their suicide to be considered rational are, "the ability to reason, realistic world view, adequacy of information, avoidance of harm, and accordance with fundamental interests."(Battin 132) Another opinion of rationality of suicide is, "it is the best thing for him from the point of view of his own welfare-or whether it is the best thing for someone being advised, from the point of view of that person's welfare"(Brandt 118). People have to characterize suicides because a lot of times they don't understand what that person is going through so by grouping them and placing criteria on them it allows them to accept it in an easier manner. A lot of suicides are grouped in the rational category because they are committed so the person can be saved from the pain they may be experiencing from a terminal disease. This seems to be just about the only true rational and morally correct reason why a person should commit suicide. Yet a lot of times these patients are "heavily sedated, so that it is impossible for the mental processes of decision leading to action to occur."(Brandt 123) In other words these patients have a rational reason to commit suicide, yet their mind is not capable of making that decision. So if terminally ill patients are the only ones who have a good rational reason to commit suicide, then where does that leave everyone else? Well just about everyone else commits suicide because of a little thing that enters everyone's life at some time and that thing is called depression. Depression can come from several different things, such as a loss of something like a job, a loved one, a limb such as an arm or leg, or anything else that might be held dear to that person. Other things could be rejection at home or in the work place, abuse, and sometimes even the thought of getting old and not wanting to know what tomorrow holds in store.

Of Mice and Men Character Analysis Essay

Write a study of the character of Crooks, showing how Steinbeck uses him to tell us more about the other characters, and about the social and economical context of the book? This novel takes place in the 1930’s, it was a time of great depression, there was racial prejudice towards coloured people and there were very few job opportunities making it hard for people to have a good standard of living. Steinbeck wrote this novel to show us the daunting and alarming conditions for workers at this time; he chose each character to represent a different type of person. For example, one of the characters Crooks represents coloured people. When reading the story of mice and man we learn that Crooks is a kind and considerate man â€Å"You told me to warm up tar for the mule’s foot. I got it warm† this tells us that Crooks is generous man and is always willing to help. â€Å"I can do it if you want Mr Slim† when Crooks is speaking to Slim, he is deferential towards Slim and treats him like a superior by calling him Mr Slim. Although Crooks is a kind man he is not treated fairly and adequate all due racial prejudice â€Å"they let the nigger come in that night† first of all he is not even called by his proper name instead they use racial discrimination to point him out as he is called intimidating and awful words such as nigger and stable buck. He does not bunk with the others workers because the other workers are racist towards him and all due to his colour Crooks has to live in a stable buck where all the other animals live as he is not treated as an equal, â€Å"had his bunk in the harness-room; a little shed that leaned off the wall of the barn† this tells us that Crooks is treated inappropriately as he has to live in appalling conditions. We also get the impression that Crooks is isolated from the other workers making him feel lonely and deserted â€Å"Crooks said darkly: guys don’t come into a coloured man’s room very much† this tells us that Crooks has no true friends, this is not because he is a atrocious man, it is because of racial prejudice. Another reason why Crooks is lonely is that he segregates himself from the white workers as he’s the only black worker on the ranch. We learn that Crooks is well educated as he has books in his room â€Å"And he had books, too; a tattered dictionary and a maules copy of the California civil code for 1905.† This also tells us that although there is racial prejudice, Crooks knows his rights. We get the impression that Crooks is realistic and scornful and once dreams of owning his own farm â€Å"You’re nuts. Crooks was scornful. I see hundreds of men come by on the roads an’ on the ranches with their bindles on their back an’ that same damn thing on their heads.† This tells us that Crooks is like any ordinary man, he also has dreams to own a farm one day. â€Å"†¦If you†¦guys would want a hand to work for nothing – just his keep, why I’d come an’ lend a hand. This suggests that Crooks is desperate to get out of this ranch and he is hoping he will one day own that farm. â€Å"Well, jus’ forget it, said Crooks. ‘I didn’t mean it. Jus’ foolin’. I wouldn’t want to go no place like that† Crooks now realises there is no way he will ever get out of the ranch and own a farm so he tries to convince himself he never wanted a farm in the first place. â€Å"The door opened quietly and the stable buck put in his head; a lean negro head, lined with pain, the eye patient.† This tells us that Crooks has to be patient when living with the workers as he knows he is below the other workers because he is a coloured man and if Crooks was to make a slight move out of line there will be problems and fights will break out. When Crooks is talking to Candy, Crooks has to treat him well otherwise trouble will break out, â€Å"you can come in if you want† Although Crooks does not want Candy to come in he has to treat the other workers with respect â€Å"Candy seemed embarrassed. I do know. Course, if ya want me to† We get the impression that Candy feels embarrassed to go into a coloured mans room. â€Å"I was born right here in California. My old man had a chicken ranch, bout ten acres. The white kids come to play at our place† this tells us that in Crooks past life, there was nor always racial discrimination and he was once treated as an equal and as he got older there was more racial prejudice. Most of the other workers treat Crooks with no respect except for Slim who treats Crooks like an equal and in return Crooks treats him like a superior . â€Å"Huh? Oh’ Hello Crooks. What’s ‘a matter?† First of all, this tells us that Slims treats Crooks with respect by calling him by his proper name, we also get the impression that Slims shows consideration to Crooks by asking him â€Å"What’s ‘a matter?† Slim is the only worker that respects Crooks for who he actually is. â€Å"Well, he ain’t doin’ no harm. I give him one of my pups.† This shows that Slim is kind and friendly towards everyone and not just Crooks. The majority of the workers at the ranch treat Crooks will no respect and show no consideration â€Å"where the hell is that God damn nigger?† the first impression I get is that the workers do not treat Crooks reasonably, as they do not call him by his name, they call him racial words such as nigger and stable buck. When the workers get angry all anger is taken out on Crooks, this tells us that Crooks is not treated like a human being all due to racial prejudice. â€Å"Cause I’m black. They play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black. They say I stink.† This shows us that not only a small amount of workers are racist towards Crooks, the majority of the workers are. â€Å"Smitty says he woulda killed the nigger† this tells us that the workers not only hate him but they want to kill him, this gives us the impression on the amount of racial discrimination. Even Curley’s wife who is not a worker at the ranch is racist towards Crooks â€Å"Listen, Nigger, she said. You no what I can do to you if you open your trap† Crooks is treat badly by the majority of workers on the ranch due to racial discrimination Crooks has to treat them well â€Å"Yes ma’am† Although Crooks knows his rights, he has very few of them and he always has to show respect towards the other worker The other characters show no respect towards Crooks as they are racist, unfair and cruel towards him, the majority of the workers do not even call Crooks by his name and call him racial words such as ‘nigger’ â€Å"where the hell is that God damn nigger?† The only character who shows any sign of respect towards Crooks is Slim, Slim treats him like an equal â€Å"Hello Crooks. What’s ‘a matter?† Although in the time this novel was set there was racial discrimination Slim was not racist towards Crooks because he was a fair and respectable man. In return Crooks treats Slim like a superior â€Å"I can do it if you want, Mr Slim† We get the impression that Lennie does not even no who Crooks is as he has a very immature behaviour and a childish mind

Democracy in Russia (1900) essays

Democracy in Russia (1900) essays There were no prospects for democracy in Russian in 1914. Tsar Nicholas II believed he had the god-given right to rule over his country absolutely. His power to govern was reinforced by the strongest institutions in Russia, The Orthodox Church, The Army, and the peasant class. Even the Tsars opposition unwittingly aided him in quashing all hope for democracy. While there were some small democratic institutions, they only helped reinforce the Tsars belief that the people could never govern themselves. Embodied in Stolypins reforms, these polices helped sustain the Stars rule until its eventual collapse. That couplep with the Tsars policies of oppression, brutality, censorship, and class separation all helped him further in his goal to hold on to supreme power. The concessions he made to the people only served to further reinforce his right to rule. Nicholas II used repression, propaganda, the Orthodox Church, religion, migration, anti-Semitism, and war to help sustain what he believe d to be his divine rule. Nicholas was educated by private tutors and the reactionary Pobyedonostzev. Alexander III gave his son little training in affairs of state, and Nicholas proved to be a charming but ineffective and easily influenced ruler. Soon after his accession Nicholas stated that he intended to maintain the autocratic system. Nicholas was convinced that he had an absolute, God-given right to rule...as he saw fit...he refused to grant democratic right even to the Russian nobility. (Kronnenwetter, 43) The Tsars belief in his religious right to power was pushed on to the people both by himself and the Orthodox Church, which had been a creature of the Tsar since Peter the Great. (Moynahan, 30) The Russian Orthodox Church dates from the conversion of the Slavs by missionaries from Byzantium, led by Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius, in the ninth century A.D. In the tenth century Ch...

The Correct Use of Jamais in French

The Correct Use of Jamais in French Many people who have learned French know that its a language with many tricky spellings. When writing in French, jamais  is one word that can be easily confused with another. So, first things first: always watch your spelling with this one! Jaimais,  when spelled with the added i, means I loved, or I was loving/liking/enjoying and comes from  the verb aimer. Whereas the word being discussed here, jamais, means never. Jamais is confusing because it takes the place of the pas in a negation. But on top of this, it can also translate as ever or never in English, which are two quite different notions. When does the French adverb jamais mean ever, and when does it mean never? The short answer is that it depends on the context and construction of the sentence.   Ne ... Jamais Means Never In a negative construction, jamais means never. For example, in the sentence: Je ne ferais jamais à §a.I would never do that. Jamais is one of the few words that can replace the pas part of the negative in a negation sentence. Some of the others are aucun, personne and  rien which are  French negative pronouns. Jamais  doesnt necessarily need to be placed directly after the verb. For emphasis, you can start your sentence with it as well as shown in the example below: Jamais je nai vu quelque chose daussi beau.I have never seen anything as beautiful. Note that in spoken modern French, the ne part of the negation often glides, or even totally disappears. So you need to train your ear to focus on the second part of the negation rather than relying on the first, the ne. Je nai jamais dit à §a sounds like: Jnay jamay di sa or even jay jamay di sa, but both pronunciations mean the same thing.   Jamais on Its Own Means Ever When used by itself without a negative, jamais means ever. We always use it in a question which is a very formal use of the word, or with si, in the expression si jamais meaning if ever. An example of the formal use of jamais in this context would be: Es-tu jamais allà © Paris?Have you ever been to Paris?Today, its more common to use dà ©j meaning already.Es-tu dà ©j allà © Paris? Si jamais tu vas Paris, tà ©là ©phone-moi.If you ever go to Paris, call me. If modern spoken French frequently drops the ne, how do you know if its ever or never? As mentioned earlier, you have to take into consideration the context of the sentence.   Finally, jamais is part of many expressions, all having to do with ever and never. French Expressions with Jamais Tu es plus belle que jamais mon amour. You are as beautiful as ever my love.Maintenant, ils seront ensemble jamais. Now, they will be together for ever.Je laime tout jamais. I love him forever and ever.Cest maintenant ou jamais. Its now or never.  Je nai jamais rien dit. I have never told anything. When reviewing different types of  French negative construction you will see there is more to negation than just ne and pas.

IT and facilities functions by Schwartz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

IT and facilities functions by Schwartz - Essay Example However, these systems are of no use to facilities management team. Ironically, facilities management holds the responsibility of costs saving, of which energy saving is a critical practice and core area where costs can be saved. Energy consumption is the maximum in the data center, as explained by Schwartz (p.1). Role of IT in facilities management has bee highlighted throughout the article. Considering that data center consumes maximum energy, the virtualization technology helps in minimizing the number of servers required. Energy-saving virtualization technology is one reason IT is getting involved in energy infrastructure management (Schwartz, p.1). However, this system could be risky if the server fails. Here, facilities management comes into picture, which can help by involving in management of the data center. For this, the facilities manager should be equipped with IT working skills. Sharplin, the CEO of Site Controls, emphasizes the need and benefits of IT in facilities mana gement in the real estate industry, which include lower costs of energy, decreased equipment maintenance costs, reduce carbon footprint and increased efficiency (Schwartz, p.2). In this article, Schwartz clearly underpins the significance of involvement of facilities managers in IT functions and/or have substantial knowledge of IT that can be implemented for successful facilities management and cost-saving practices. Indirectly, Schwartz also indicates that facilities management can be accomplished by using sophisticated IT systems; this would require facilities managers to be equipped with IT skills and understanding. This process would also require successful integration of facilities management and IT infrastructure. Integration between these two functions would again mean that facilities managers obtain a thorough understanding of working of IT systems.

An insight into Japanese culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An insight into Japanese culture - Essay Example The essay "An insight into Japanese culture" discusses the novel "Snow Country" as an insight into Japanese culture which talks about two people, Komako, who is a geisha in the small village and Shimamaru, a wealthy visitor man from Tokyo. Shikamaru is shown to be unacquainted with the place, and refers it to as a ‘distant land’. The story revolves around the both of them, trying to establish a relationship and connect with each other; but they are unable to do so, in the long run, and they fail to realize this. The novel changed my thoughts regarding the Japanese culture as I got to know more about the customs and rules of the people over there. The restrictions imposed by them over the people who are living there comes as a surprise in this environment. Previously I presumed that geishas were fictitious but as I read the novel I came to know the importance of geishas in the Japanese culture. The hospitality in the Japanese culture can be witnessed by the actions of the individuals that play a role in the novel. Komako, although tries very hard to maintain the traditional geisha image, she is unable to. Her feelings for Shikamaru were too strong and she could not ignore them. This differed with the traditional role of a geisha. But Komako’s aim of becoming a geisha to pay for that man’s treatment aligns with the customary role of a geisha. Geishas are normally said to accept their professions, in order to provide sustenance to their families and to help out with the bills and payments.

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Business Law - Essay Example While describing the basic forms of business ownership like sole proprietorship and partnership author used references of corporation and Limited Liability Company (LLC) that I think is inappropriate because these forms of ownerships had not been described till this point. Paper work and terms like corporations and LLC confuse the reader. We see some benefits like limited liability of corporations and LLC but the author failed to explicitly state the double taxation as a negative point of corporation. It again shows the favorable attitude of the author towards a specific type of business ownership. The author further described the structure of nonprofit organizations by just stating its two attributes. The article should be more like the one in which one describe a form of business ownership structure and then clearly state its pro’s and con’s. The article on the other hand tries to describe the structures of different types of business ownerships mostly by stating their

Passage to India Part One Essay Example for Free

Passage to India Part One Essay Summary: Chapter IV Mr. Turton invites several Indian gentlemen to the proposed Bridge Party at the club. The Indians are surprised by the invitation. Mahmoud Ali suspects that the lieutenant general has ordered Turton to hold the party. The Nawab Bahadur, one of the most important Indian landowners in the area, announces that he appreciates the invitation and will attend. Some accuse the Nawab Bahadur of cheapening himself, but most Indians highly respect him and decide to attend also. The narrator describes the room in which the Indian gentlemen meet. Outside remain the lowlier Indians who received no invitation. The narrator describes Mr. Grayford and Mr. Sorley, missionaries on the outskirts of the city. Mr. Sorley feels that all men go to heaven, but not lowly wasps, bacteria, or mud, because something must be excluded to leave enough for those who are included. Mr. Sorley’s Hindu friends disagree, however, as they feel that God includes every living thing. Summary: Chapter V At the Bridge Party, the Indian guests stand idly at one side of the tennis lawn while the English stand at the other. The clear segregation dismays Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore. Ronny and Mrs.  Turton disdainfully discuss the Indians’ clothing, which mixes Eastern and Western styles. Several Englishwomen arrive and discuss the earlier production of Cousin Kate. Mrs. Moore is surprised to note how intolerant and conventional Ronny’s opinions have become. Mr. Turton arrives, cynically noting to himself that each guest has come for a self-serving reason. Reluctantly, Mrs. Turton takes Adela and Mrs. Moore to visit a group of Indian ladies. Mrs. Turton addresses the Indian women in crude Urdu, and then asks Mrs. Moore and Adela if they are satisfied. One of the Indian women speaks, and Mrs.  Turton is surprised to learn that the women know English. Mrs. Moore and Adela unsuccessfully try to draw the Indian women out into more substantial conversation. Mrs. Moore asks one of them, Mrs. Bhattacharya, if she and Adela can visit her at home. Mrs. Bhattacharya agrees to host the Englishwomen the upcoming Thursday, and her husband promises to send his carriage for them. Mr. Fielding, who is also at the party, socializes freely with the Indians and even eats on the Indian side of the lawn. He is pleased to learn that Adela and Mrs. Moore have been friendly to the Indians. Fielding locates Adela and invites her nd Mrs. Moore to tea. Adela complains about how rude the English are acting toward their guests, but Fielding suspects her complaints are intellectual, not emotional. Adela mentions Dr. Aziz, and Fielding promises to invite the doctor to tea as well. That evening, Adela and Ronny dine with the McBrydes and Miss Derek. The dinner consists of standard English fare. During the meal, Adela begins to dread the prospect of a drab married life among the insensitive English. She fears she will never get to know the true spirit of India. After Adela goes to bed, Ronny asks his mother about Adela. Mrs.  Moore explains that Adela feels that the English are unpleasant to the Indians. Ronny is dismissive, explaining that the English are in India to keep the peace, not to be pleasant. Mrs. Moore disagrees, saying it is the duty of the English to be pleasant to Indians, as God demands love for all men. Mrs. Moore instantly regrets mentioning God; ever since she has arrived in India, her God has seemed less powerful than ever before. Summary: Chapter VI The morning after Aziz’s encounter with Mrs. Moore, Major Callendar scolds the doctor for failing to report promptly to his summons, and he does not ask for Aziz’s side of the story. Aziz and a colleague, Dr. Panna Lal, decide to attend the Bridge Party together. However, the party falls on the anniversary of Aziz’s wife’s death, so he decides not to attend. Aziz mourns his loving wife for part of the day and then borrows Hamidullah’s pony to practice polo on the town green. An English soldier is also practicing polo, and he and Aziz play together briefly as comrades. Dr. Lal, returning from the Bridge Party, runs into Aziz. Lal reports that Aziz’s absence was noticed, and he insists on knowing why Aziz did not attend. Aziz, considering Lal ill mannered to ask such a question, reacts defiantly. By the time Aziz reaches home, though, he has begun to worry that the English will punish him for not attending. His mood improves when he opens Fielding’s invitation to tea. Aziz is pleased that Fielding has politely ignored the fact that Aziz forgot to respond to an invitation to tea at Fielding’s last month. Analysis: Chapters IV–VI The wildly unsuccessful Bridge Party stands as the clear focus of this portion of the novel. Though the event is meant to be a time of orchestrated interaction, a â€Å"bridge† between the two cultures, the only result is heightened suspicion on both sides. Indians such as Mahmoud Ali suspect that Turton is throwing the party not in good faith, but on orders from a superior. Turton himself suspects that the Indians attend only for self-serving reasons. The party remains segregated, with the English hosts regarding their guests as one large group that can be split down only into Indian â€Å"types,† not into individuals. Though the Bridge Party clearly furthers our idea that the English as a whole act condescendingly toward the Indians, Forster also uses the party to examine the minute differences among English attitudes. Mrs.  Turton, for instance, represents the attitude of most Englishwomen in India: she is flatly bigoted and rude, regarding herself as superior to all Indians in seemingly every respect. The Englishmen at the party, however, appear less malicious in their attitudes. Mr. Turton and Ronny Heaslop are representative of this type: through their work they have come to know some Indians as individuals, and though somewhat condescending, they are far less overtly malicious than the Englishwomen. Cyril Fielding, who made a brief appearance in Chapter III, appears here to be the model of successful interaction between the English and Indians. Unlike the other English, Fielding does not recognize racial distinctions between himself and the native population. Instead, he interacts with Indians on an individual-to-individual basis. Moreover, he senses that he has found like-minded souls in Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore. Of the two, Fielding is more closely akin to Mrs. Moore than Adela: Fielding and Mrs. Moore are unself-conscious in their friendship with Indians, whereas Adela consciously and actively seeks out this cross-cultural friendship as an interesting and enriching experience. Forster fleshes out the character of Adela Quested significantly in these chapters. As part of this effort, the author uses Fielding as a sort of moral barometer, a character whose judgments we can trust. In this regard, we can see Fielding’s judgment of Adela—that she appears to object to the English treatment of the Indians on an intellectual, rather than emotional level—as Forster’s own judgment. Adela, perhaps because of this intellectual, unemotional curiosity about Indian culture, conducts her interactions in India in a negative sense rather than a positive one—attempting to not act like the other English rather than attempting to actively identify with Indians. Adela always acts s an individual, rejecting the herd mentality of the other couples at the English club. While the other English try to re-create England in India through meals of sardines and plays like Cousin Kate, Adela hopes to experience the â€Å"real India,† the â€Å"spirit† of India. Yet we sense that Adela’s idea of this â€Å"real India† is vague and somewhat romanticized, especially when compared to Mrs. Moore’s genuine interaction with Aziz or Fielding’s enthusiastic willingness to partake in Indian culture. The primary Indian protagonist, Aziz, develops in these chapters as significantly distinct from English expectations of Indian character. While the English pride themselves on dividing the Indian character into â€Å"types† with identifiable characteristics, Aziz appears to be a man of indefinable flux. Forster distinguishes Aziz’s various guises—outcast, poet, medical student, religious worshiper—and his ability to slip easily among them without warning. Aziz’s whims fluctuate in a way similar to his overall character. In Chapter VI we see Aziz shift from mood to mood in the space of minutes: first he wants to attend the Bridge Party, then he is disgusted with the party, then he despairingly mourns his dead wife, then he seeks companionship and exercise. Ironically, one of Aziz’s only constant qualities is a characteristically English quality: an insistence upon good breeding and polite manners. This quality makes Aziz slightly prejudiced—it leads him to reject his friendship with Dr. Lal—yet it also allows him to disregard racial boundaries, as when he feels automatically affectionate toward Fielding because of the Englishman’s politeness. Furthermore, Forster uses these chapters to begin to develop one of the major ideas he explores in A Passage to India—the inclusiveness of the Hindu religion, especially as compared to Christianity. Forster portrays Hinduism as a religion that encompasses all, that sees God in everything, even the smallest bacterium. He specifically aligns Mrs. Moore with Hinduism in the earlier scene from Chapter III in which she treats a small wasp kindly. The image of the wasp reappears in Chapter IV as the wasp that the Hindus assume will be part of heaven—a point on which the Christian missionaries Mr. Grayford and Mr. Sorley disagree. Mrs. Moore is a Christian, but in Chapter VI we see that she has begun to call her Christianity into question during her stay in India. Whereas God earlier was the greatest thought in Mrs.  Moore’s head, now the woman appears to sense something beyond that thought, perhaps the more inclusive and all-encompassing worldview of Hinduism. Summary: Chapter VII In every remark [Aziz] found a meaning, but not always the true meaning, and his life though vivid was largely a dream. (See 0pl,) Fielding’s many worldly experiences keep him from being insensitive toward Indians like the rest of the English are. The English mildly distrust Fielding, partly out of suspicion of his efforts to educate Indians as individuals. Fielding also makes offhand comments that distress the English, such as his remark that â€Å"whites† are actually â€Å"pinko-grey. Still, Fielding manages to remain friendly with the men at the English club while also socializing with Indians. Aziz arrives at Fielding’s for tea as Fielding is dressing. Though the two men have never met, they treat each other informally, which delights Aziz. Fielding breaks the collar stud for his shirt, but Aziz quickly removes his own and gives it to Fielding. The relations between the two men sour only briefly when Aziz misinterprets Fielding’s dismissive comment about a new school of painting to be dismissive of Aziz himself. Aziz is disappointed when Mrs.  Moore and Adela arrive, as their presence upsets the intimacy of his conversation with Fielding. The party continues to be informal, though, even with the women present. Aziz feels comfortable addressing the women as he would address men, as Mrs. Moore is so elderly and Adela so plain looking. The ladies are disappointed and confused because the Bhattacharyas never sent their carriage this morning as promised. Adela pronounces it a â€Å"mystery,† but Mrs. Moore disagrees—mysteries she likes, but this is a â€Å"muddle. † Fielding pronounces all India a muddle. Aziz denounces the rudeness of the Hindu Bhattacharyas and invites the women to his own house. To Aziz’s horror, Adela takes his invitation literally and asks for his address. Aziz is ashamed of his shabby residence and distracts Adela with commentary on Indian architecture. Fielding knows that Aziz has some historical facts wrong, but Fielding does not correct Aziz as other Englishmen would have. At the moment Fielding recognizes â€Å"truth of mood† over truth of fact. The last of Fielding’s guests, the Hindu professor Godbole, arrives. Aziz asks Adela if she plans to settle in India, to which Adela spontaneously responds that she cannot. Adela then realizes that, in making this admission, she has essentially told strangers that she will not marry Ronny before she has even told Ronny so herself. Adela’s words fluster Mrs. Moore. Fielding then takes Mrs. Moore on a tour of the college grounds. Adela again mentions the prospect of visiting Aziz’s house, but Aziz invites her to the Marabar Caves instead. Aziz attempts to describe the caves, but it becomes clear that Aziz has never seen them. Godbole has been to the caves, but he does not adequately describe why they are extraordinary; in fact, Aziz senses that Godbole is holding back information. Suddenly, Ronny arrives to take Adela and his mother to a polo match at the club. Ronny ignores the Indians. Aziz becomes excitable and overly intimate in reaction to Ronny’s rude interruption. Fielding reappears, and Ronny privately scolds him for leaving Adela alone with Indians. Before the ladies leave, Godbole sings an odd-sounding Hindu song in which the singer asks God to come to her, but God refuses. In her ignorance, [Adela] regarded [Aziz] as â€Å"India,† and never surmised that his outlook was limited and his method inaccurate, and that no one is India. (See Important Quotations Explained) Summary: Chapter VIII Driving away from Fielding’s, Adela expresses annoyance at Ronny’s rudeness. Adela mentions Aziz’s invitation to the Marabar Caves, but Ronny immediately forbids the women to go. Ronny mentions Aziz’s unpinned collar as an example of Indians’ general inattention to detail. Mrs. Moore, tired of bickering, asks to be dropped off at home. Adela feels suddenly ashamed of telling those at the tea party of her intention to leave India. After the polo match at the club, Adela quietly tells Ronny that she has decided not to marry him. Ronny is disappointed, but he agrees to remain friends with her. Adela sees a green bird and asks Ronny what type of bird it is. Ronny does not know, which confirms Adela’s feeling that nothing in India is identifiable. Ronny and Adela begin to feel lonely and useless in their surroundings; they suddenly feel they share more similarities than differences. The Nawab Bahadur happens by and offers Ronny and Adela a ride in his automobile. Riding in the back seat, the two feel dwarfed by the dark night and expansive landscape surrounding them. Their hands accidentally touch, and they feel an animalistic thrill. The car mysteriously breaks down on a road outside the city. They all climb out and determine that the car must have hit something, probably a hyena. After a short while, Miss Derek drives past them offers them a ride back to Chandrapore. Driving back to Chandrapore, Miss Derek jokes about her employer, an Indian noblewoman. Ronny and Adela feel drawn together by their shared distaste for Miss Derek’s crass manner and for the Nawab’s polite but long-winded speeches. When Adela and Ronny arrive back at the bungalow, Adela says that she would like to marry Ronny after all. He agrees. Adela, however, immediately feels a sense of disappointment, believing she will now be labeled the same as all the other married Englishwomen in India. They go inside and tell Mrs. Moore of their plans. Adela begins to feel more pleasant, joining Ronny in poking fun at the Nawab Bahadur. When Ronny and Adela tell Mrs.  Moore of the strange car accident, the older woman shivers and claims that the car must have hit a â€Å"ghost. † Meanwhile, down in the city of Chandrapore, the Nawab Bahadur describes the accident to others. He explains that it took place near the site where he ran over and killed a drunken man nine years ago. The Nawab Bahadur insists that the dead man caused the accident that occurred this evening. Aziz is skeptical, however, and feels that Indians should not be so superstitious. Analysis: Chapters VII–VIII Though Fielding himself disregards racial boundaries, his tea party does not quite develop into a successful version of the Bridge Party. Aziz and Adela both appear overexcited during the tea, while Mrs. Moore and Professor Godbole remain withdrawn from the others’ chatter. The sudden cultural interaction carries Adela away and convinces her, almost subconsciously, that she cannot remain in India and become a wife at the club—prompting the spontaneous admission that upsets Mrs. Moore. The tea sours when Ronny arrives, though his rudeness appears only to bring out tensions that already existed. Aziz becomes grotesquely overfamiliar, Adela blames herself and Ronny, Fielding becomes annoyed, and Mrs. Moore becomes spiritually drained by Godbole’s Hindu song. The tea party is further disturbed by a disparity between what Forster calls â€Å"truth of fact† and â€Å"truth of mood. † Thus far in A Passage to India, we have seen that the Indian characters often tend to say one thing when they mean another. Forster presents this tendency as problematic only for the English, among whom words are taken at face value. Indians appear skilled at identifying the undertones—the unspoken elements—of a conversation. Indeed, we see that Aziz recognizes from tone, rather than words, that Godbole is withholding information from his description of the Marabar Caves. Moreover, when Aziz invites Mrs. Moore and Adela to his house, the â€Å"mood† of his question—his sincere feeling of goodwill and hospitality to the Englishwomen—is all that Aziz means to convey. Adela, however, takes the invitation literally and asks for Aziz’s address. The misunderstanding makes Aziz uncomfortable, as he is in fact embarrassed about the appearance of his home. Fielding, too, reacts negatively to Adela’s literal-mindedness. This disconnect between cultural uses of language is an important division between the English and Indians in the novel. Forster explores another divide between the English and Indian cultures through the idea of naming or labeling. If the English in the novel always say exactly what they mean, they also are quick to attach names or labels to objects and people around them. When Adela and Ronny sit together at the club, Adela wonders aloud what kind of bird sits on the tree above them. Ronny does not know, which depresses Adela even more; meanwhile, the narrator notes that nothing is identifiable in India, as things disappear or change before one can name them. The British in India realize that with the ability to name or label things comes power. It is for this reason that Fielding’s remark that â€Å"whites† are really â€Å"pinko-grey† upsets the men at the club: by deflating labels like â€Å"white† and â€Å"brown,† Fielding implicitly challenges the assertive naming and labeling power of the English in India. If â€Å"white† really only refers to skin tone—rather than also connoting superiority, advanced religion, technology, and morality—then â€Å"whites† have no inherent right to rule India. Adela’s conflicted view of naming or labeling constitutes a major tension within her character. On the one hand, Adela recognizes that the ability to label gives one power—or, as she might say, a purpose or place in the world. India’s resistance to identification, symbolized by the nameless green bird, challenges Adela’s sense of individuality. On the other hand, Adela realizes that being on the receiving end of a label can leave one powerless. It is for this reason that she remains resistant to marrying Ronny, knowing that she will be labeled an Englishwoman in India—a club wife—and that her behavior will be restricted accordingly. When Adela feels her individuality challenged by India’s resistance to identification, she seems more likely to turn to Ronny for marriage; yet, when she recognizes the tyranny of labels like â€Å"Englishwoman in India,† she feels reluctant to marry Ronny. We see in these chapters that the natural environment of India has a direct effect on Ronny and Adela’s engagement. As soon as Adela tells Ronny she does not want to become engaged, their surroundings begin to overwhelm them, making them feel like lonely, sensual beings who share more similarities than differences. In particular, they feel that the night sky swallows them during their ride with the Nawab Bahadur. The sky makes Ronny and Adela feel indistinct as individuals, suddenly part of a larger mass that is somehow fundamentally united. Therefore, when their hands touch accidentally in the car, both Ronny and Adela are attuned to the animalistic thrill of sensuality. Their experience under the engulfing Indian sky draws Ronny and Adela together, forcing them to assert themselves as important, distinct individuals through a commitment to each other. Furthermore, the social environment of India—the Indians who surround Ronny and Adela—contributes to this shift in perspective in the couple’s relationship, their new feeling that they are more alike than different. Specifically, Ronny and Adela feel a bond through their shared distaste for Miss Derek and the Nawab Bahadur—a bond that leads Adela to suddenly reverse her decision and renew her engagement to Ronny. In this regard, Forster implies that the union of marriage requires a third presence, against which husband and wife can define themselves as similar. Indeed, after announcing their renewed engagement, Adela shows her openness to her future with Ronny through her willingness to make fun of the Nawab Bahadur with him. While Ronny and Adela feel a sense of unity against the muddle that is India, we see Mrs. Moore grow even more spiritually attuned to the minds of Indians. First Mrs. Moore appears to be most aligned with the religious figure of Professor Godbole. Godbole’s song, in which God is called but does not come, profoundly affects Mrs. Moore, deepening her sense of separation from her Christian God. Then, when Ronny and Adela tell Mrs.  Moore of their car accident with Nawab Bahadur, the elder woman strongly feels that a ghost caused the accident. Though Ronny and Adela ignore Mrs. Moore, we learn a short while later that the Nawab Bahadur, too, suspects that a ghost caused the accident—the ghost of the drunken man that he ran over nine years ago near the same spot. While Ronny and Adela begin to segregate themselves from the social and natural landscape that surrounds them, Mrs. Moore surrenders to the overwhelming presence and mysticism she feels in India, attuning herself to a sort of collective psyche of the land she is visiting.