Discuss two segments of the economy in a critical stage of collapse Assignment

Discuss two segments of the economy in a critical stage of collapse when Roosevelt assumed office and his administrations attempts to strengthen them - Assignment ExampleThis move decreed that banks could only be opened under the supervision of the treasury. Federal loans would also be visible(prenominal) if needed. In a month, following the enactment of the act, hoarded gold and currency flowed back into the country hence, the banking sector change (Heinemann, 1983). The government also eliminated the gold standard, thus, use of gold as a legal tender ended. Everyone was compulsory to exchange all their gold pieces for the US dollars.According to Roosevelt, prosperity of the country was heavily dependent on prosperity in the agriculture sector. Therefore, several acts were enacted to ensure that this sector was able to compete favorably. The Agriculture version Act was enacted to ensure that commodity prices would be raised through artificial scarcity (Heinemann, 1983). The tea m trusty for enforcing this act employed a technique whereby the total output for each commodity was set. Land owners were gainful subsidies to leave some of their land idle this was in an effort to ensure that farm prices went up. In essence, slight was to be produced so that the wholesale price would increase. Many Americans opposed this act since the prices of commodities increased as the sodbusters income increased significantly (Heinemann,

Free File Sharing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Free File communion - Essay ExampleIn this light, all parties involved in the sharing tend to moot that the earnings is a free place for them to give away file to their friends and other interested parties. This occurs especially with the new-fashioned technologies that argon coming up, such as peer-to-peer file sharing and other sites. With such events transpiring, some unprincipled file sustainers tend to sell the said files for a profit that they get to spend and rip discharge the original owners of their dues, both in terms of moral support and financially (Biron). This is tantamount to physical and realistic theft, which on a moral scale, and according to neighborly norms, is wrong. In addition, morally, it is innate for one to conform to social norms, of which downloading of copyrighted materials is analogous to looting of physical property due to the awareness of the wrongdoing. However, ignorance is no defense and is triumph thus sharing of copyrighted material over the internet makes, those participating in the issue believe they are doing right, but it is wrong.Free file sharing of copyrighted materials leads to the loss of revenue enhancement to the all that are involved (Debatepedia). This is concerning the artist not making the amount of financial remuneration that is they should receive. In this light, the artists lose their revenue on a massive scale, meaning that the artists are robbed of their dues, which translates to poor living standards of the said parties. As a result, it is wrong of an individual, in his or her right mind, to deprive another of their deserved standards of living. In relation to the government, the artists that own the copyrighted materials end up making less amounts of money. For this reason, the government rates, which tend to charge higher taxes for change magnitude amounts of revenue, charges the artist less. This means that the government loses large amounts of funds to the pirates that share files for fre e

Discussion Posts About Type II Diabetes And FASD Essay

Discussion Posts About Type II Diabetes And FASD - Essay ExampleEfficient diabetes management needs demanding and continual self-care procedures and behaviors in various areas. For instance, measuring and interrogation glucose level, diet control, information update about diabetes from library and insulin injection. The patients are expected to record all the results obtained. textual matter messaging makes it easy for patients to send the blood glucose results to their doctor on time and in response perplex intervention feedback to support self-care management (Sarnikar, Bennett & Gaynor, 2013).Discussion two I agree with Katherine Johnson that the introduction of FASD topic in juicy school sex education is effective in lowering the number of babies born with the disorder. Effective strategies to sully FASD comprise of comprehensive and early education about the hazards of alcohol intake during pregnancy. In order to smirch the number of babies born with FASD, prevention is th e best alternative. Sex education programs provided in the private and public schools is a suitable venue to teach about FASD (Miller, Blumenthal & Chamberlain, 2015). Such a program can assist in implementing CHOICES, which is a program for women about selecting healthy behaviors to prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies. The teenagers can access information that assists women to learn how to cease from alcohol and use birth control techniques effectively. In addition, the youth will benefit from addiction replenishment and correctional settings (Hanson, Wilton, & Langland, 2015).

Retirement Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retirement mean - Assignment ExampleThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the different coronation alternatives that I flock physical exercise to develop a solid retirement plan. The biggest investment that people confound is their homes. Despite the falling original estate market that occurred as a consequence of the recession of 2008 homes historically gain a sh be of value over time. In 2012 the value of homes in America rose by 5.9% (Humphries, 2013). Buying a home is the first step towards financial independence. People that pay rent are throwing their capital in the trash. An advantage of purchasing a home is that the interests from the mortgage on your first home are taxation deductible. A good way to create wealth is by purchasing additional homes for rental. The rent typically pays for the majority of the mortgage. Upon retirement age a person can sell their second house to persist a large sum of money. One of the silk hat places for people to invest money towar ds their retirement is the express market. The biggest stock exchange in the world is the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The most common investment instruments sold in the stock market are common stocks. A common stock is a security that represents ownership in a corporation (Investopedia, 2013). Owners of common stocks bugger off voting rights. People can earn money from common stocks from paleness appreciation and payment of dividends. The price of common stocks fluctuates every day. The clean annual return on common stocks is 9.4% (Observationandnotes, 2009). One of best type of stocks to invest in is docile chip stocks. Blue chip stocks are stocks issued by a well know company with an realized record of making money and paying dividends (Teweles, Bradley, Teweles, 1992). Three examples of blue chip stocks are Microsoft, McDonalds, and Dell. Two types of stocks that have higher risks are foreign stocks and penny stocks. The average return of foreign stocks is 15%, but the measuring rod deviation on the return is much higher (Ahl, 2004). Risk adverse investors should stay away from these types of equity instruments particularly penny stocks. Another type of stock that investors are often attracted too is preferred stocks. The departure between a common stock and preferred stock is that preferred stocks do not have voting rights, but dividends are guaranteed. It is important for investors to compile a diversified portfolio. Diversification can abet investors lower their overall portfolio risk. The money market is another option for investors that are looking to save money towards retirement age. The money market is a financial market in which funds are borrowed or lend for short periods as distinguished from the capital market for long term funds (Teweles, et al., 1992). The best and most common money market instrument is treasury bills. Treasury bills are 90 day gives that the federal government sells to investors. The best attribute of a treasury bill is that it is a risk forego investment. The federal government has never defaulted on its obligations. The federal government also sells debt instruments that mature in sextet and twelve months. Another popular debt instrument is bonds. A bond is a long term loan that investors give to a governmental agency or a private institution. Bonds sold by corporations are often referred too as commercial paper. An investor that invests in a bond obtains interest known as the coupon rate. Once a

Applying the EMH Evaluate the Role That Government Played In Economic Essay

Applying the EMH Evaluate the Role That Government Played In Economic retrieval Using Recent Real-life Examples - Essay Examplebecause of the marketplace volatility due to the different administration insurance and the detailed study would tend to give a great learning opportunity about this untoward scenario. Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) Theory Efficient market hypothesis implies that, if any new discipline about a company is revealed it leave aloneing be immediately incorporated into the sh atomic number 18 worth rationally and rapidly, with respect to the direction of the share price movement and its size. In an efficient market except by chance, no trader will get an opportunity to earn abnormal return on a share or a return which is greater than the fair return for the risk associated to that share. The possibility of absence seizure of abnormal salary arises because the past and current information is immediately reflected in the current share prices. The prices ar e affected only by the new information. EMH is concerned with under what conditions an investor can gain abnormal profits or excess returns in a stock. EMH claims that all the information available readily reflects in the price of the stock. According to EMH abnormal positive returns are not possible by any trader utilize the information available to public. Many people think that market efficiency means that it is impossible to beat the market at any given point of time which is incorrect. Efficiency does not mean that prices will not apart from true value At any point of time it is expected that prices will deviate from their true value, majorly because value depends on the future and future is unpredictable. Efficiency does not mean that no investor will be able to beat the market in any single time end. In an efficient market approximately one half of the shares purchased subsequently outperform not because of the skill unless due to the fact that prices... This report stres ses that market efficiency has been tested over a long period of time and it has been observed that movement of the stock prices follow a random walk. The random walk supposition states that an investor can have a good chance of beating the market if they throw darts on New York Times stock listing pages. Investors who adhere to the random walk theory believe that inquisitory for undervalued shares or predicting the future stock price is just a waste of time. Any new developments of government like restructuring the tax legislation, controlling the financial crisis and the inflation etc reflect in share prices of the different corporation. following of random walk theory believe that is impossible to predict future events and they are left with no other choice but to accept the efficient market hypothesis.This essay makes a conclusion that it cannot be denied that the government interventions play a crucial role in stabilizing the economies that were overturned due to the financi al crisis as result of devaluation of properties or inability to service the debt obligations. Due to the global crisis, the investor confidence eroded which had adverse impact on the stock prices. The fluctuation in the stock prices was also due to drift in the present market condition. As a result of revised regulations and containing policies by the government, the economies started to revive and the interest of the investors were protected. This resulted in the decrease in volatility of share prices which reflects belief of the investors from their anticipation of future events in the economy. This follows the efficient market hypothesis.

Intro to film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intro to film - Essay ExampleThe film has massive use of deluxe characters. The film producer used such characters for thematic and interest purpose. The film technique or usage of heroic lead characters, demonstrates the change from communist ideology to multiculturalism.A significant memory-image in the film How jet plane Was My Valley Says That occurs in the last scene of the film. In this scene, Morgans family is having supper as they reflect the happy moments that they exhausted together. The scene is also crowned by a crescendo of the films theme pains and voices of the Morgans family members. A scene whereby, Angharad watch Huw and Gruffyd as they disappear into the blooming flowers on the hillside follows.The battleship Potemkin belongs to the collage movement. This movement began in 1924 and lasted until 1930. The explicit explanation of Russian history was the main characteristic of films produced under this movement. The dependable political message and soviet philos ophy in the film is the main characteristic that identifies it as a montage movements

Auxilium Pharmaceutical Corporation Research Paper

Auxilium pharmaceutic Corporation - Research Paper ExampleIn relation to the arena the company which has been selected is Auxilium Pharmaceutical, a firm that has been in business since 1999. The firms common stocks are traded publicly in NASDAQ under the symbol AUXL. The mission statement of the company is To improve the lives of patients throughout the world by rapidly and efficiently identifying, increaseing and commercializing innovative specialty biopharmaceutical products. The firms products target the following healthcare market places hand and plastic surgeons, endocrinologist, rheumatologists, urologists, and primary care physicians. The two top selling brands the company has are Testim and Xiaflex. The set of the company include integrity, quality, innovation, teamwork, and result oriented. In fiscal year 2010 Auxilium Pharmaceutical generated $211 million in revenues. The system of rules has 565 employees. The pharmaceutical industry is one of the largest and most p owerful industries in the world with 2010 global gross revenue of $875 billion. The joined States has the most expensive healthcare system in the world. One of the challenges that U.S. healthcare companies face when trying to develop a new-fashioned drug is that it takes a lot of time and money to bring a new drug to market. During the last five years the comprise of bringing a new drug to market have gone up from $800 million to $1.3 billion. One of the primary reasons companies receive lengthy patent security department is to allow companies sufficient time to recover its investment and make a reasonable profit. All the be across the entire healthcare system in the United States are on the rise. The medical outgo per capita in the United States is twice as high as other developed countries such as the members of the European Union. In 2009 the United States spend $7,410 in healthcare spending per capita, while Europe in the same period spend only spend $3,615. Quality is not the main issue thats driving the costs up since the Europeans receive equal if not better healthcare than American citizens. The cost of education may be a factor that is affecting the salary scales for doctors in the United States. just about medical students borrow over $250,000 in student loans to finance their education. Once they start practicing doctors are seeking higher salaries than ever before. Drugs are becoming more expensive due to higher development costs and medical plans are charging astronomical yearly fees in comparison with the past. In 2009 the average cost of family healthcare plan was $13,375. Medical insurance plan inflation increased 5% in comparison with 2008. due to the rising cost of medical insurance the amount of Americans that are uninsured has increased to over 50 million. This hurts the sales of pharmaceutical companies because uninsured citizens typically cannot afford to pay for their prescription drugs in cash payments. Auxilium Pharmaceutical ha s multiple strengths that are helping the company stay competitive. The firm has build up a prim brand value during its 13 years operating in the industry. During 2010 the company had very solid sales results of $211.4 million which represent an increase of 29% in comparison with the previous year.

Cultural Barriers to Women's carrer success Essay

heathen Barriers to Womens carrer success - Essay ExampleThis eventually results in creating barriers not only in their c atomic number 18er but also in their basic education, it is true up up that women be prefered to study fields that would result in taking interest in feminine vocation opportunities. along with this the civil and political rights of a women are also neglected. Even then women have had their share to carry out leadership ventures in private as well as m any government sectors. It is also true that attaining leadership for women has never been easy. There are numerous meetplace challenges that are considered worthy of no importance. Cultural barriers tend to impact a womens careers in one way or another. According to Kiamba, the phenomenon came to be known as glass ceiling, (Kiamba 2008). The term actually related to the crucial barriers that resulted in a full stop to a cleaning womans career and blocking of the top level career opportunities A very detail ed research analysis on the subject had proven it to be true to a great extent since rarely women are found as the executives members of the organizations they have invested years in. land Impact of Gender discrimination on a womans career According to McCarthy and Berger, one of the major reasons for the inequality in the belongplace is that most societies have failed to establish a gender neutral environment oddly in the workplace.Women confederation in any official progress is usually not so notable, the participation is most likely to be not translated to achieve favorable positions. Even if the participation in the go involves great hard work once the output has been achieved it is most often realized that the involvement of women in the certain project has been made entirely invisible, ( McCarthy and Berger 2008) The pace to establish a gender neutral daub is relatively slower in most regions. Attaining leadership positions that involve the empowerment of the holder in the workplace is yet another dilemma for women. Most probably the attainment requires women to pay a much mellow price as compared to what would lead a man to achieve the same position effortlessly. Impact of equilibrate work and Family on a Womans Career According to the author the choice of having to balance between family and work is one of the crucial cultural barrier every women have to face. Not only is balancing something that a career oriented women might have to go through but also along with it comes the tune and fear of failure . The factor definitely leads to less input in both matters respectively. The balancing of family and work for men is quite different from that of women, they are certainly at ease with lesser responsibilities from family. In role of any career women the task of having to give appropriate to both work and family can be wear as well as frustrating at time. It not like there has never been any success story, obviously there are many but as compa red to the accomplishment of men they are way too less. The accomplishment in career for most women involves excessive efforts to rise above the disposed circumstances , which mostly involves some risks resulting in the breaking of family ties. Impact of Individual factors on a womans Career Along with all of the other career effecting factors mortal factors play a merry role in determining the success in womans career. One of the prominent individual factors

Family Medical Leave Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Family Medical Leave Act - Essay ExampleUntil 1993, stimulateers were at the lenience of their employers demands, and would often be forced to resign to accommodate their sick child or ailing p bent. big workforces usually had some form of a deviate of absence, but there was no standardization or legal protection to guarantee that your job would still be waiting for you when you returned. In 1993, President Clinton sign the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) that guaranteed US workers that they would have some amount of legal protection if they ar forced to take time off from work to take care of a sick family extremity, or help a woman through the childbirth period. While the intent of the FMLA is simple enough, there are myriad caveats and regulations that enact the legislation.The 1993 FMLA, and subsequent amendments, have created a law that allows time off to be taken by an immediate family member to care for a sick or injured relative. The time tramp allowed is generally 1 2 weeks, though this may vary in specific situations. Beca example the law attempts to accommodate a wide range of scenarios, and anticipate the application of the law, it has numerous special provisions and entitlements. The purpose of this paper pull up stakes be to clearly define the eligibility requirements for FMLA leave. This paper will explain what is required to obtain a leave under FMLA. It will present examples of the proper use of the FMLA, as well as the improper use of the Act. This paper will examine the potential for fraud and tread under the law, and what is currently done to disapprove or reduce these cases. In addition, it will explain the penalty for abuse, and attempt to reveal why abuse may be difficult to identify and punish. It will accomplish these goals by examining the law from the standpoint of the man-to-man as well as the organization. While this paper will strive to be complete, it is recognized that the flesh of specific rules, regulations, and ex ceptions makes a full and detailed explanation beyond the scope of this paper. The paper will screening the most widely used, and most common requests that are made to employers by workers that have a family member in need of care.Brief Historical BackgroundThe 1993 Act was finally passed and signed into law by President Clinton after two unsuccessful attempts were vetoed by President George Bush SR. in the hundred-and-first and 102nd Congresses. A Senate Report from the time noted the demographic revolution of the time, as well as the increase amount of women in the workforce, the number of adults who care for their parents, and the growing number of single parent families (Lee, 1993, 8). The Senate further contended that these numbers would have profound consequences for the lives of working men and women and their families (Lee, 1993, 8). In essence, single parent homes left sick children with no caregiver except the breadwinner, and aging adults that would be left to the mercy of the welfare system. In passing the FMLA in 1993 Congress stated that the Act was to provide job security as well as a proper balance between work and family life for employees, resulting in increased worker productivity for employers (Lee, 1993, 9). At the time the bill was passed, private employers had failed to adequately respond to economic and social changes that intensified the tensions between work and

THE EVOLUTION OF MACROECONOMICS IN THE UK Essay

THE EVOLUTION OF MACROECONOMICS IN THE UK - Essay ExampleIn this sense, it can be implied that alone in times of market failures are organisations are justified to intervene. This newspaper publisher will explore the different viewpoints of classical and Keynesian economic principles and concludes how prevailing economic policies are only transient and evolutionary. II. Fundamental Policy Issues A. unblemished Economics The classical economic thought resides on the unreserved concept that the market can work effectively even without any form of human intervention. The market, as Adam Smith puts it, possesses an invisible hand that automatically puts the economy back into plump shape when other with the guiding advocacy to let the government leave market activity into the interests of individuals (2009z 400). Smith states that the governments that intervene in the market activity only represent the wealthy and the powerful rather than a mass (as cited in Sowell 1994 23). Even to classical liberals such as Frederic Bastiat, state interference on any activity which goes beyond its functions (i.e. maintaining order and justice) is a usurpation upon conscience, upon intelligence, upon industry in a word upon human liberty (as cited in Haney 1911 257). ... From this standpoint stemmed the principle of laissez-faire which would eventually resolve deficiencies in practice session and output levels. B. Keynesian Economics According to the brainchild of Keynesian political economy, John Maynard Keynes, the government is the only fundamental societal twist that can manage the aggregate demand from households, businesses, and the government itself to ensure price stability (Korten 2010). Keynesian economics assume the opposite of what classical economists theorise -- that a free market is not self-correcting so that it would dissolver in un economic consumption in the process (the Great Depression, being the proof). Furthermore, market forces will consume a perti nacious period to bring back full employment because in the real -time market, demand is not suitable to maintain full employment (Cowling & Sugden 1990 108). Keynesian economists say that in order to efficiently sustain employment at full level, the government must push through monetary and fiscal policies (i.e. increase government spending and decrease taxation) in order to stimulate the aggregate demand for commodities, hence creating additional employment opportunities (Cowling & Sugden 1990 108). When there is a right level of demand, the bring out-side would look after itself (Cowling & Sugden 1990 108). This would result in an increase of reckon deficit (Cowling & Sugden 1990). However, Keynesian economists sustain that this is only justifiable. III. Theory A. Market Equilibrium On Fluctuating Prices a.1. Classical Perspective Market clearing in both the labor and commodities markets is entirely possible because of equilibrium forces (Free 2010 73). For instance, when the supply exceeds demand, the market reaches equilibrium if prices decrease which is only an inevitable

Professional Role Transition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professional Role Transition - engagement ExampleData sources that contained information related to the topic were excessively used during the research process.The studies presented evidences such as quoting those who were interviewed during the development. This showed that students were given equal opportunity to answer the questions directed at them. The studies also took a while to be completed. A slow research ensures that the researcher gains all the information required. Things tend to replace with time and by conducting a research study within a long time, the researcher gets to record every change that may take place and also predict how the study will be in future.What I know about the journal is that it intends to understand the challenges that students face when transitioning into BN from LPN. The journal identifies all the challenges and helps to explain methods that can be used to curb them. The journals target LPN students who may be interested in studying BN. The study will help them understand the challenges they are bound to face. The journals also target other scholars that focus on studying the topic. These journals will give them a point of reference for their study. Educators in the institutions that the students enroll for BN are also a target audience for the study because they will have the knowledge of how to help the students adapt to the transition.Because of the challenges set about when transitioning from LPN to BN, students opt to turn to their mentors at their places of work to guide them. These mentors are in a large position to help them put into practice what they have studied.The journals have also helped explain why the LPNs favour to expand their knowledge. One of the reasons given by the participants is that at the work place, they are considered less of nursing practitioners and their opinions are not valued. Some of them had to endure being called Little Pretend Nurses instead of their real titles.For the student s who have

Development strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Development strategy - Assignment ExampleThese are what the classifiable quest of occupiers is currently. Occupiers also challenge developers to meet their power load reduction goals. Therefore occupiers demand that developers command that they meet modern mandates and zipper conservation goals. They must therefore ensure transmission, generation, and distribution entities work in concert effectively. Occupiers also demand that available load demand side management assets are identified and unite and hosted DSM is provided for utilities throughout the distribution of infrastructure (Egan, 2002). Occupiers demand that goose egg requirements in constructs be reduced and sourced alternatively. They also exigency might conservation solution with benefits such as insight and visibility from generation to device unite data throughout ecosystem of the energy achieve compliance and reduction of load through the unified controls which attain and measure created diverse load contro l programs cost savings through controlling peak charges rapid adoption allowing utilities to participate in centralized programs and future proofing with standard based system device agnostic supporting hardware legacy, data sources and applications. These demands must be met by developers. Analyses of how todays energy requirements in buildings can be reduced and alternatively sourced. ... Another way to reduce energy demands and source energy alternatively is via the use of re parvenuable energy generations to eliminate or reduce further their emissions of greenhouse gun for hire in use. Evidence has it that buildings are responsible for around 45% of carbon dioxide emissions in the UK. Therefore inviolable building designs can cut energy bills and carbon dioxide emissions by almost two third. Developers therefore consider to incorporate renewable energy in order to give the buildings producing no net carbon dioxide in use. The Management of Energy and Water Efficiency in Fe deral Buildings has established a facility communicate management and benchmarking framework. This enables developers to identify all covered facilities constituting at least 75 percent of the energy of the building in use. The framework also demands that an energy manager be designated at every one building covered. Developers are encouraged to implement the identified water and energy efficiency measures. Developers are mandated to ensure that their new buildings hit a long term zero net energy goal by 2025. mod buildings also need to be located in places that regulate its illumination and temperatures, for example around hills, landscape gardening and trees in order to block wind and provide shade. In addition, buildings in cooler climates should be intentional with south facing windows so as to increase the amount heat energy (sun) that enters the building. This minimizes the use of energy through maximization of passive solar heating (Egan, 2002). Reducing energy requiremen t is a demand that is typical with occupiers, who also need the energy to be sourced from alternative means. In order to reduce energy

Biography Mary Wollstonecraft 1759-1797 Research Paper

Biography Mary Wollstonecraft 1759-1797 - Research stem ExampleTogether with Arden, they attended classes by Ardens father and studied absorbing countersigns (Taylor, 2003). Work In 1783, she helped her sister Eliza escape from an abusive marriage. Together they established a school at Newington Green where she acted as a schoolteacher and a headmistress. It was at this time that she began her literary survive and wrote the book Thought on Education of Daughters With reflection on Female Conduct, In the More important Duties of Life. In 1787, she was ordained the governess of the Kingsborough household. She was dismissed, since she had discrepancies with the Lady of Kingsborough, but the children liked her. This experience inspired her to write the book Original Stories from Real life. afterwards her dismissal she moved to London to focus more on her career as an author. She was unhappy with the special employment opportunities that were there for poor yet dignified women. In L ondon, she learnt German and French, which helped her in translating texts. She also wrote book reviews in the periodical Analytical Reviews. These experiences opened a wide field of intellectual material to her. It gave her a chance to interact with great philosophers, such as William Godwin, and political radicals, such as Thomas Paine (Taylor, 2003). individual(a) life When in London, Mary had a relationship with an artist Henry Fusseli, who was by then married. She proposed a nonsexual relationship with Henry and his wife, but his wife was dismayed by that idea. Henry had to break stumble relations with Wollstonecraft. After this incidence, she traveled to French to experience the atmosphere of the French revolution personally. Here, she fell in love with gibibyte Imlay this romantic relationship culminated in her getting pregnant with her first child. Gilbert was non bent on settling down in marriage, left Wollstonecraft in France and went to London. Marys work at this time reflected her loneliness and depression of a woman caught up by a revolution, two external and internal. She followed Gilbert to London but he rejected her. She made an attempted suicide, but Gilbert rescued her. She attempted to save her relationship with Gilbert by going on a stern trip to win a business deal for him unfortunately, he never took her back. She made a snatch suicidal attempt by jumping into the fast running river Thames but was rescued by a stranger. According to her, the attempts to commit suicide were very rational. She later got into a romantic relationship with Godwin and got expectant. She married him so that the baby would not be illegitimate. The couple moved to two separate adjoining houses in cabaret to retain their independence and communicated through letters. Godwin wrote memoirs that vividly portrayed the negative side of Marys character, including her attempted suicides, illegitimate children and wonky private life. Though he was writing this bei ng in love with his wife, it actually represented Wollstonecraft in an unfavorable light. Wollstonecrafts death In September 30 1797, Wollstonecraft delivered her second born. The placenta ruptured and became infected. Wollstonecraft was in agony for several days and finally died September 10 the same year (Taylor, 2003). Contribution to philosophy Her efforts were aimed towards fighting for the rights of women. In the defence force of the Rights of

Work of Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Work of Art History - Essay casefulAt the same time he was developing his own style, Rodin was joined by Realists and Impressionists who brought new perspectives to painting, and gum olibanum public perception of art changed as well. In 1907, Rodin crafted The Hand of graven image, which he had modeled around 1896. The sculpt shows a single hand as its central subject, and it holds within it a rude gemstone. This stone withal features the smooth figures of man and woman, who argon being fashioned into organic forms from the rough material, showing God in the process of creation much as the sculptor goes through such a process. In analyzing this form, it is first-class honours degree necessary to use ones eyes to see what it presentsthe content, the subject matter, the forms and abidances. The sculpture, as mentioned, features a large, strong hand, set asunder from the body so that the hand itself is the subject. The hand juts forth from a rough base, an uncut and unpolishe d effectuate of stone marble. Within the hand, we see a smaller version of the same jobthere are two human bodies, intertwined, one man and one woman, and they are attached to a backdrop of raw marble with no deliberation alterations. Examining the sculpture from different angles reveals different contrasts, as one side shows precisely the fingers gripping the stone, while another angle would put the focus on the human figures within the stone and the hand. The texture of the human elements is smooth and curved, while the rest of the marble is straight, jagged, and not at all organic. The sculpture can be seen as divided into three partsthe largest part being the hand, the next bon mot important being the two human figures, and then the backdrop of uncut stone being the accessory part. As a sculpture, color is not used, but form doubles its centrality by gaining a third base dimension that is not quite present in any painting. The artist was able to create a shopping centre o f a attention with ease by having the hand sit squarely in the center of its base and come upward, with the fingers slightly curled in order to create a cylindrical shape that also suggest motion. The lack of rigidity in the hand gives it a more lifelike appearance, beneficial as the somewhat fetal and relaxed human forms of the man and woman give an impression that they are brisk and movable, rather than striking any sort of pose that lacks life and flexibility. The artist also creates a contrast among the live and non live parts of the sculpture by having a deep groove betwixt the body parts and the rough stone. In a way, there is a sort of trench, and this has the effect of devising the body parts pop out from the stone, not specifically separated but still having a clear gap and change of depth. This is his way of establishing an aesthetic difference between the two elements, while the home is used to develop a difference between the bodies and the hand. The texture of th e body parts helps to create a beauty that is set apart from the stone as well, so the viewer clearly considers the difference between the two and realizes which is more attractive. The meaning of the sculpture is rather easy to interpret on the surface, but peradventure has deeper parts. Foremost, it shows symbolic process of creation of humanity by the more powerful and larger hand of God. The difference between textures shows that life comes from something raw, and God cleaves life out of what is lifeless. The lack of body for God shows that the detention are the focus, as the hand of God is the doing and creating part of him, the tools that he used to change earth into man. On top of this basic theme of creation by God from rough material into life and beauty, we also get a second meaning of creationthat of the artist or the sculptor. The symbolism about god is displayed in

Venerable Pierre Toussaint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Venerable Pierre Toussaint - Essay ExamplePierre on the other hand, obtained basic culture where he was able to read and write. Secondly, he was not expected to work in the fields where in that location was hard labor, and also he was not subjected to punishments. During his stay on the Haiti, the sound of drums in the field offended him. The thought of the bloodbath that happened in the fields was too harsh for him to comprehend.Pierre relocated to New York with his master. in short after the death of Jean Berard, Pierre took the initiative to look after his ailing wife, who had just learnt astir(predicate) his husbands demise (Malley 89). Pierres elevation to sainthood came as a result of his charity, which was easily deduced from his act of adopting Euphemia. During his burial, Pierre was eulogized as unrivaled who had remarkable qualities of mind and heart and on his incredible charity. Secondly, he was also branded as Gods reflection in ebony. He was greatly loved, which is exhibited by the enormous number of people from twain races who attended his

Impact of Modern Digital Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Impact of Modern digital Technologies - Essay ExampleHowever, modern digital applied science has influenced it adopters and users both negatively and positively, considering that, the corporate world adopts technical advancement to improve quality of yield and more so, efficiency and effectiveness in both production and communication. Digital Printing Industry The modern digital technology has revolutionized the feeling labor from the quaint use of faded images and texts to come up with complete printed product. The printing industry has advanced technologically from the use of ancient point in time matrix printers that were characterized with holes in a row, which fed the ream of printing papers to the digital printing. The old dot matrix printers were repeatedly accompanied by the challenge of jamming of printing papers. The impact of the modern digital technology in the printing industry is clearly depicted by the strikingly clear texts and images with the flexibleness of a wide range of colors where digital printing can be advantageously use to display a wide range of products, ranging from photographs to marketing materials. Small companies and affair entities in the printing industry are able to match up to the big names in the printing industry through the application of digital printing to come with less costly and high quality products. Big companies prevail the production of quality and large quantities of printing products at less costly products as compared to small business entities that had to incur huge costs to produce printing products of higher quality, thanks to the modern digital technology that has enabled them to compete fairly in the printing industry. Digital printing has replaced the making of photocopies that were of low quality and were non that clear enough for detailed representations. Adoption of digital printing can thitherfore be associated with the profound quality of printing and representation of detailed graphics. It has replaced the less quality printing products from the ordinary printing devices and drive away machines, where the result could never strain more quality that buffer likeness. The old printing machines could never achieve much quality as the digital technology, since any slight depreciation in quality of the original copy was always highlighted by the printer. Digital technologies have the advantage of using original soft copy material unlike the physical hard copy whose quality can be compromised by discourse complications such as creases, dust, and oil. However, companies operating within the printing industry have not fully embraced the digital printing technology, considering the rather huge costs involved in installing the digital printing devices. bombastic printing companies have been reluctant in installing newer printing devices that can produce large quantities at high speed. More over, in relation to huge costs incurred in installing high-speed digital printin g devices, some companies in the industry generally have a slow pace in innovation and adoption of new technologies other than the modern digital technology itself. Total digital printing represents two percent of the entire printing industry and it is projected to grow minimally in future, considering that there is limited modern digital printing equipment in the whole industry. Companies are reluctant to embrace digital printing technologies consideration the high capital costs incurred in

Parental Decisions Impact Childhood Obesity Essay Example for Free

Parental Decisions Imp be industrious Childhood Obesity shewSociety, in general, has drastically changed all over the past century. Growth and expansion have paved the way for juvenile technological advances, yet non with some downfalls to go along with it. One such downfall of crude technology would be the public lavatory factor (convenient stores for junk fodder, convenient to read television, play video spicys, watch a movie, talk or text on a cellular phone as argue to carnal exercise, convenient for parents to barricade by fast food as opposed to healthy meals). wishing of parental controls in these welkins in attendant with the convenience factor has lead to babyhood corpulency.This is an increasingly maturement disease and result continue to be so if society does not stop being so convenient. The Ameri contribute Society forthwith has become obesogenic, characterized by environments that promote increased food in devour, unhealthy foods, and sensib le inactivity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). People (children and adults) spend to a greater extent(prenominal) clipping in front of televisions or computers and less time exercising. We drive a car everywhere we go as opposed to pass or riding a bicycle. Children play more video games instead of playing hide and seek, which requires them to fulfil around, being active and getting exercise.We lead busier lives so time does not al rugged for spending it in the kitchen preparing healthy meals. Parents live such hectic lifestyles which often lead to dining or getting take out at a fast food restaurant, making them guilty of contributing to childhood obesity. Children with heavy parents are in all probability to follow in their parents footsteps and become grave themselves. Overweight and obesity result from an strength deficiency. This compounds taking in too much food (too some calories) and lack of exercise thus delineate obesity.The imbalance between calories consumed and calories used weed result from the influences and moveions of a number of factors, including genetic, demeanoral, and environmental factors. Studies call for that certain genetic characteristics whitethorn increase an individuals susceptibility to excess body weight. However, this genetic susceptibility may pauperism to exist in conjunction with contributing environmental and behavioral factors (such as a high-calorie food add together and minimal material activity) to have a significant effect on weight. Genetic factors solely can play a role in specific cases of obesity.The genetic characteristics of the human population have not changed in the last three decades, but the prevalence of obesity has tripled among school-aged children during that time. Because the factors that contribute to childhood obesity interact with each other, it is not possible to specify one behavior as the cause of obesity. Behaviors include brawn intake, animal(prenominal) a ctivity, and sedentary behavior. Home, child care, school, and community environments can influence childrens behaviors related to food intake and physical activity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009).Parents in the workplace often lead demanding, hectic lifestyles that have a carry on reflection on home life activities. Activities, such as eating habits for their children, are a casualty of their fast-paced environment. Such lifestyles lead to quick unhealthy meals, such as stopping at a fast-food establishment and devour a high caloric meal. These types of meals are historically unhealthy with no nutritional value. Nutritional items, such as fruits and vegetables, are limited at these types of establishments. Healthy, home cooked meals are not the normal routine for parents to provide their children of this era.Time does not allow for parents to prepare healthy, home cooked meals. The evidence is have that the obesity epidemic is largely caused by peoples eating unhealthy food and consuming bigger portion sizes. These unhealthy behaviors are not just a matter of poor decisions individuals shuffle rather, the environment in which people live determines behavioral choice (Isaacs Swarts, 2010). Parents workplace habits can directly meet their childrens daily eating routines. Children are relying on parents to provide them with healthy meals.There are many things parents can do to assist children in developing healthy eating habits. Offering fruits and vegetables, dairy products or whole grain items as nutritious snacks, as opposed to allowing them to submerge themselves in chips or ice lolly filled snacks, is a viable alternative to an unhealthy diet. The obesity rate for children would decrement if parents would make time to plan a healthy weekly menu. By doing so, parents are ensuring that their children get the daily recommended amount of fruits and vegetables in their diet, thus making for a healthier child.Parents should lead by exam ple. Children need to see parents eating antithetic things, to encourage the child to want to try new food items. Children and adolescents are dependent on their parents for twain economically and emotionally during much of this period of rapid growth (Davies Fitzgerald, 2008, pg. 25). One of the best ways to decrease obesity in children is to increase physical activity levels throughout the entire family. Parents, at home or at the workplace, are faced daily with busy schedules, long hours and time management issues (i. e. nsuring all mandatory daily activities, such as household responsibilities, errands are completed).These tasks are direct contributors for the lack of time amaze aside for physical activity with their children. Also, parents daily work schedules do not allow much, if any, time to incorporate a daily physical exercise routine for their children, let alone to monitor such activities. Parents should act as role models by limitting examples for their children, s uch as allowing their children to see them exercise and being active themselves. By leading by example, this should encourage children to emulate them.According to the American Heart railroad tie and the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (Payne, 2010), children should get at least 20 legal proceeding of regular vigorous exercise that makes them sweat and breathe hard. With the apparent lack of physical activity, parents need to constitute an environment that is conducive to building a daily regime of physical activities that slowly grow over time. Minutes spent playing kickball with friends during recess count toward the hour-long daily goal, as does climbing trees in the backyard afterwards school. It doesnt have to be all at once, says Nancy Brown, CEO of the AHA.Kids should be doing things appropriate for their age, so that exercise becomes a behavior and a natural part of what they do (Payne, 2010). Providing just small increments of daily activity that i s geared towards the childs age category can foster a lifetime of behavioral changes that could prevent the flak of obesity at a later age. Another factor in the saga of fighting childhood obesity is the issue of rightty and having a safe environment in which to add physical activity.Advocate for well-maintained, safe sidewalks and bike paths in your neighborhood, and volunteer to supervise the use of school facilities after hours. Children are more likely to want to play outsideand youll feel more comfortable with them doing itif its safe, so attend neighborhood standstill or city council meetings to request proper upkeep of nearby sidewalks and paths. Also, consider gyms and tracks at local schools as options for physical activity after hours and on weekends.Often, schools are get outing to make gyms and equipment available on the weekends but simply need parents to volunteer to supervise, Brown says (Payne, 2010). This avenue of taking facilities that already exist and adding in a safety factor so that they may be used more often could reach into a vast majority of neighborhoods and schools that are currently excluding physical education programs. This seemingly mundane action by a few sets of determined parents could catch on and create new and exciting ways in which physical activities could be introduced to children.In todays day and age of electronics, technological advances in this area continue to rise at record numbers. Features and upgrades to many electronic devices are geared toward a more convenient, user friendly target market. Such markets, unfortunately from a health perspective, are focused on our children. Convenient and satisfying methods of entertainment, such as television, movies, video games, talking/texting on cellular phones, computers, etc. furthest outweigh pure physical activity and exercise. Parents lack of control in these areas, as opposed to physical exercise, is a factor in childhood obesity.Children would rather be seden tary playing electronic games on a television, cellular phone or computer, as opposed to playing games requiring physical exercise, such as hide and seek or kickball . The media may shape childrens food choices and caloric intake, including exposing children to persuasive messages about food, cuing them to eat, and depressing satiety cues of eating while viewing. According to estimates by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), children between 2 and 11 years are exposed to 25,600 advertisements per year, of which 5,500 (or 15 per day) are for food or beverages.A 2009 subject analysis of foods advertised during childrens television programming revealed that most foods marketed to children are high in salt, sugar, and fat and low in nutritional value, and that healthy food are virtually invisible (Jordan, 2010). This barrage of brain-altering subliminal messaging towards newly forming minds lends credence to how other areas of technology are creating pathways to enter impressionable yo uths. We live in a world that is technology driven in which new devices are created frequently to make life more convenient.The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that television viewing by children older than two years be limited to two hours per day or less avoided altogether for children younger than two years. Surveys of United States parents piece that most families do not adhere to these recommendations (Jordan, 2010). These families that provide this amount of television viewing for their children use it as a virtual nanny to keep the child entertained and distracted throughout the day. In todays health conscious society, there are many reasonable alternatives to just keeping a child zoned out in front of various electronic devices.One such alternative that is detection on with many families is the Nintendo Wii. The AHA and Nintendo recently teamed up to promote the use of the Wii Fit to help Americans meet recommended physical activity guidelines. The goal of the partnership is to teach people how so-called active-play video games encourage regular exercise. If youre having a tough time getting your child to play outside, consider buying a video game that requires the child to get moving, Brown suggests (Payne, 2010). The use of this new video game device has provided many families with not only an opportunity to exercise, but to also interact as a family unit.Interacting together provides an environment that can create prospective positive habits that might help in the obesity battle. Following recent studies on childhood obesity, it has been found that In the United States, childhood obesity is on the rise the fate of obese children aged 6 to 11 more than doubled in the past two decades, while the percentage of obese adolescents aged 12 to 19 more than tripled, during the same period as well (Li Hooker, 2010). medical checkup contributors to childhood obesity, such as genetics and/or heredity, are considered uncontrollable and unch angeable to the health and benefit of a child.The imbalance between calories consumed and calories used can result from the influences and interactions of a number of factors, including genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Studies indicate that certain genetic characteristics may increase an individuals susceptibility to excess body weight. However, this genetic susceptibility may need to exist in conjunction with contributing environmental and behavioral factors (such as a high-calorie food supply and minimal physical activity) to have a significant effect on weight.Genetic factors alone can play a role in specific cases of obesity (CDC, 2009). Battling all these convenience issues will prove to be a lengthy social problem to be solved, but for the sake of future generations of children that will probably be the first to not outlive their parents, it is one that should have the highest priority. Parents establishing controls over guidelines set forth and immutable obs erve of such to decrease childhood obesity is not a elan, but more comparable to a marathon.This requires lifestyle changes both for the parent and the child. Constant monitoring on the parents part, along with both parent and child staying the course now will produce dividends for the future of a healthy America. We are all creatures of habit. In the end, the goal should always be for these changes to become second nature. We live in a society driven by a constant change. Growth and expansion will continue to generate new technological advances, with downfalls associated.One such downfall, the convenience factor (convenient stores for junk food, convenient to watch television, play video games, watch a movie, talk or text on a cellular phone as opposed to physical exercise, convenient for parents to stop by fast food as opposed to healthy meals) will have a direct correlation between parental decisions and the health of children for future generations. Lack of parental controls in these areas in conjunction with the convenience factor will produce childhood obesity cases at record numbers. This increasingly growing disease will continue to be so if society does not stop being so convenient.

Gps Location Tracker Essay Example for Free

Gps Location Tracker riseThis POT GPS receiver providing a solution that high position and speed accuracy performances as headspring as high sensitivity and tracking capabilities in urban conditions ampprovides standard NMEA0183 strings in raw mode for any microcontroller.The module provides current time, date, latitude, longitude, speed, altitude and travel direction / heading among sepa step data, and can be used in a host of applications,including navigation, tracking systems, fleet management, mapping and robotics. This is a stand alone GPS Module and requires no external components except power supply decoupling capacitors. It is built with versed RTC Back up battery. It can be directly connected to Microcontrollers USART.The module is having option for connecting external alive(p) antenna if necessary. The GPS chipsets inside the module are designed by MediaTek Inc. ,which is the worlds leading digital media solution supplier and largest fab-less IC company in Taiwan . The module can support up to 51 channels. The GPS solution enables microscopic form factor devices. They deliver major advancements in GPS performances, accuracy,integration, computing power and flexibility.They are designed to simplify the embedded system integration process. Features TTL asynchronousserial interface Data output Baud rate 9600 bps (Default) Single 3. 3V DC supply 55 mA (typical) bar NMEA0183 output format Standard 8-pin header interface (. 100 spacing). Based on MediaTek Single Chip Architecture. Dimension 26mm x 26mm x 11. 7mm Patch Antenna Size 25mm x 25mm x 4mm Low Power Consumption 55mA acquisition, 40mA tracking

Present day Societal Value of Labor Unions Essay Example for Free

Present day societal Value of Labor Unions EssayA labor union is an organization of employees of the resembling profession, work for each one employer or m whatsoever employers. It is formed by mint with common skills, knowledge and skills pursuing the same dream, to be at the top of their carriers. Labor unions are norm all in ally funded by contributions from employees salaries. They are headed by officials who are elect by members after a habituated period of time. For labor unions to be hard-hitting they need to be run by people with the right man durationment education, skills, knowledge and experience for them to support to their respective members. Labor union officials are accountable to its members and need to be responsible enough, for every bodily process they take, has consequences on all the members. Labor unions are formed and run as per the constitution, according to the Labor feign of any nation and the related articles. Labor unions suffer a societal value in the relegate day, because members expect some return that is either qualitative or quantitative. Although employers may be opposed to the intellect of labor unions, the Government devolves the right atmosphere for their formation and existence.Labor unions that are not beneficial to the members do not last long, because they are democratic institutions and members have a right to quit and join crude unions. (Albert, 2001 p. 20-31) Organized institutions Labor unions provide a forum for dealing with multiple issues at once and as group. Actions taken by labor unions are across the board they relate to all the employees and their respective employers. Issues tackled do not relate to individuals but to the whole group of members. Members of the same profession nail to meet and curtilage together, in site to better their living standards and their economic salutary being.Solutions to issues facing the employees are to the advantage of all the member. Labor unions nee d to be registered as per the required regulations, prescribed under the Labor unions Act of any Country. They are in that locationfore recognized and protected by law. They are therefore anticipate to deliver as per the necessary standards, without bias to either the employees or the employers. Issues presented by individual members are discussed by the officials and if need be, they are communicated to the rest of the members, in grade to understand who the union is acting for, at any particular time.Protection of Employees rights Labor unions are formed on the principle, united we stand, divided we deign. Any skilled, semiskilled and unskilled employee has rights and privileges at his place of work, which the employer may not be leading and put to fulfill. Its the duty of the labor union to negotiate for its members, with the employers for their rights to be realized. Single employees may not have a better understanding of their rights and may be oppressed by the employer. In groups/labor unions they go away have the power to speak as one and demand the employers attention.(Becky 2002 p. 11-32) virtually employees rights allow Better working, conditions and environment This mostly applies to semiskilled and unskilled workers who are found at industrial plants. just about employers may find it expensive to provide them with the right working gear and devices like, gloves, masks and gum boots. Such employees will therefore be risking their lives at the expense of their in flows and need someone to come in between. Such employees may not be housed at the plant and will be expected to report to work proterozoic in the morning.The labor union will come in and negotiate for their transport system whereby they are either picked by bus early in the morning or they are pass onn an comme il faut transport allowance to enable them be punctual at work. The single employees who demand better working conditions and environment may risk their jobs because the management may consider them to be unruly. Some manufacturing companies, like tobacco plant industries, pollute the environment which the employees are working in. they may therefore be exposed to contracting diseases, whence poor health.It is the duty of the labor unions to negotiate healthy environment to chink that employees utilize their skills well and acquire in their carriers. A well balanced remuneration mailboat Employees need a salary package relatively proportional to their contribution towards the companys profitability. Some employers may want to retain a lot of their collectings and therefore deny their laborers/employees good compensation. For a worker to be productive his or her financial and economic needs should be well catered for, by the employer. A stressed up employee may not utilize his education and knowledge adequately to develop his carrier.Some employers may want to birth their employees less than the other professionals with the same education, kn owledge and skills. This is psychologically unfair and the labor union steps in to ensure a uniform salary package across the board for people with the same skills and knowledge. If the employer does not obey, the labor union can sue on behalf of the employee with costs being met by the employer, as per the germane(predicate) regulation and case ruling. Employee Motivation For employees to perform better, they need their spirits lifted through a well unionised motivation system.These lack in some organizations and it is the duty of labor unions to negotiate for the members items like, overtime payments, athletic field leaves and bonus payments. It is through such motivation systems that employees can utilize their skills, education and knowledge in order to have some carrier growth and development. Labor unions therefore assist their members in meeting their short-run goals and keep them focused at their long-term goals. Better working conditions at the present make it likely f or employees to realize ambitions and dreams. (Norman 2000 p.4-54) Retirement benefits Labor unions ensure that every employer has hit the sackment arrangements in place for its employees. Employees should not retire with any funds to survive on because this may depress them at their old age. Retirement age is therefore maintained across all companies and those who their contracts are terminated in advance are give some golden handshake to survive on. Labor unions also deal with cases where contracts are terminated beforehand maturity and those affected are restored and any damages are catered for by the employer.The labor unions therefore ensure that the societys dependency ratio is not increased due to early terminations or people retiring with out finances. Professional Networking Through labor unions professionals get to meet and share ideas relating to their carrier field. throng with the same knowledge, skills, education and experience get to network and assist one anothe r emotionally and this boosts their morale. Meetings organize by labor unions for its members provide a forum for discussions to be held among members. Motivational speakers are also invited to give speech which inspires the members.Carrier growth and development Labor unions ensure that members are constantly being updated on the latest skills and knowledge during union meetings. Discussions held also advance the awareness of their professional field details. Members also get to know the requirements for their movement up the carrier ladder. Study leaves negotiated for by the labor unions provide carrier development. Some employers may want to maintain employees as casual, which is not as per the law labor unions therefore come to negotiate for their permanent employment. This enables both carrier growth and development. Go slowsWhen employers do not want to give in to requests by the employees, laborers may present this to their unions and they may result in mass action. Demonstr ations/go slows organized by labor unions are recognized by the laws and no one of the employees is victimized. workers plights are therefore considered by their employers and their demands are negotiated for by both the employer and the union officials. Creation of jobs Labor unions are run by officials, elected by the members based on their education, knowledge and experience, to manage the union. These officials are well remunerated, from the contributions by the members.They therefore earn a living out their efforts to manage the unions. In the society, dependency ratio is therefore reduced trance idleness by the unemployed and crime levels go down. These officials are replaced from time to time and the jobs are given to new people. Mediator between the government and the employees Labor unions negotiate with the Government for labor standards to be maintained for the sake of the employees. The government is therefore kept on check by the union to ensure that there are statutor y regulations on the, minimum wage, working conditions/environment and unfair dismissals.Labor unions also provide some level of awareness to the professionals in terms of, what they should expect from the employer and what their level of productivity to their employers should be, in order to experience carrier growth and development. (Timothy, Roni, 2003 p. 23-34) References Albert S. (2001). Labor unions. New York. Cristol Publishers. Becky T. (2002). Societal Value of Labor Unions. New Jersey. westerly Press. Norman C. (2000). Enforcement of Labor unions. Los Angelus. Southern Publishers. Timothy S, Roni B. (2003). Labor Unions in united States. Boston. Cribal Publishers.

Boston Lyric Opera Essay Example for Free

Boston spoken communication Opera Essay1. BLOs eight node objectives The first objective is to gain generous contributions. The amount per donator, ration between saucily donators and new contacts (collection rate) and the centre amount of the donators and contributions are ways to measure how this aspect is doing. Incentives for the staff should in any case be incorporated into these objectives, curiously ones that steer the process towards multi-year support programs. To measure the control display board involvement and recruitment, it is important that the reputation of the new board member is blameless and since opera houseting in Boston, a topical anaesthetic person with strong ties to the community would be better. To measure involvement the easiest way is to look the members activity, how many times theyve been in meetings and how theyve acted to cook dodging. For example number of new initiatives. Also hours spent educating the board members about dodging and vision could be one measurement. Building an artistryistic reputation is hard and so is measuring it. Reviews on papers fork over a sight how the opera is doing, but the outmatch way to k nowadays is to make a consumer gravid deal for example once a month. Also comparing the growth in visitors between BLO and other operas gives an idea. paygrade different aspects is another way to measure the artistic view.Giving value for example to the lead vocaliser or the orchestra will help to understand how the opera is doing on its primary(prenominal) field. These measures arent very proactive though, but helpful anyway. iodin objective is to launch a residency program. Its conquest send packing be measured by the amount of acceptances to invites and by comparing the audience amounts to normal. Like when measuring artistic reputation, the best way to measure how exciting and diverse operas repertories are is to essay reviews and audience amounts. The judge system works when the g iven grades are compared to the rivals same grades and the shows are compared.These are of course not proactive measures. BLO wants to collaborate with other major artistic institutions uniform museums and theatres. Also other operas and specially talents working in them are important. One way to measure collaboration is the amount of just the tickets to opera that our associates sell. How many per cent of the tally amount of sold tickets is it and defy these collaborations brought new visitors to BLO. Community support and focus on community programs can be measured with the amount of local donators and specially the amount of new supporters.Has the PR-campaign been affective? Have local companies supported the opera? This can be measured with the amount of companies. Measurements that measure processes in line with the strategy are not always easy to date and it usually takes a lot of time to find the right ways to use them. Often they inquire to be adjusted or reset to jib the strategy. The main challenge is to find measures that are pro-active and directive instead of controlling. 2. Boston Lyric Opera had not really measured their organizational performance before.This had ultimately caused lack of focus and checked accountability. Boston Lyric Opera was mainly led by qualitative values as quantitative measures and financials were not the uppermost factors in decision making. The new general director Janice Del Sesto and BLOs board acknowledged that thither was a history of expensive opera productions and large losses in Bostons opera painting and they had to adapt a new business philosophy in order to operate fiscally. Non-profit organizations often have a lack of focus and their strategy concentrates to too many things at the same time.Ken Freed, a BLO board member, acknowledged that a more formal strategical planning process was essential for BLO in order to avoid mistakes that several(prenominal) arts organizations had made in the past. The y decided to adapt the balance placard to focus their strategic planning process. Using the Balanced Scorecard, BLO and its employees could see their day-to-day activities within a bounteous and more strategic context. They started the change by defining BLOs mission, strategy, competitive advantages, and distinguishing characteristics that would make it unique. The biggest change here was BLO reshaping its strategy.They acknowledged that their most important customers in this situation are the people who resourced their organization. BLO received nearly 70 percent of their operating budget from sources other than ticket sales, mostly from donors and supporters. BLO decided to place donors and supporters as their main interest group in the Balanced Scorecard. They were the body that enabled BLO to carry out their mission and strategy. Even though Boston Lyric Opera is a non-profit organization and its output is intangible, its organizational performance can be measured by quantit ative measures.The Balanced Scorecard would bring quantitative measures alongside the qualitative measures. The Balanced Scorecard required BLO to quantify their activities. BLO acknowledged that and they for example created a informationbase where they linked quantifiable donor data to qualitative information about donor meetings etc. Basically, the Balanced Scorecard required BLO to be managed like a business. 3. Lyric Opera had a new question ahead of them. They had to figure out what they treasured to become. BLOs existing strategy was not valid anymore as their operating expenses rose and revenues from ticket sales were limited.BLO decided to adapt the Balance Scorecard in order to set new strategic objectives and measure their performance against those objectives in order to overcome to challenges they were facing. Adapting the Balanced Scorecard, BLO was able to compose a exculpated and precise strategy. Actually, the strategy itself was quite complex and multidimensional but the Balanced Scorecard gave it a modeling that presented the new strategy clearly. BLO set three strategic themes that they felt were important in reaching their goals and they had objectives and measures of success for all of the themes.Using the Balanced Scorecard and the strategy interpret, BLO was also able to communicate the new strategy clearly to their staff, stakeholders, and other associates. The fact that BLO now had sufficient information of their organization and operations, it could draw new donors to them. By using the Balanced Scorecard, BLO recognized their key success drivers and they started to focus on the activities that had the greatest impact on their goals. They all had a clear common goal and BLOs staff worked cross- discussion sectionally, motivationally to reach the goal of providing unique, uality opera in Boston. However Jessica Del Sesto and Sue Dahling-Sullivan faced just about difficult challenges and barriers to capture the above-mentioned bene fits. There was some opposition from a few board-members of changing the organizations governance structure, adapting the Balance Scorecard and managing an art organization by quantitative measures. These old school members did not understand that BLO could not compete with the great opera houses and they could not standout from the crow without differentiating in some way.Del Sesto and Dahling-Sullivan were still able to carry out the new strategy and capture the benefits to make BLO a highly successful arts organization. One of the most decisive parts of the adapting a new strategy was to communicate the strategy clearly to their staff, board members and other stakeholders. It is an coercive requirement that people understand the new strategy and its benefits in order it to succeed. Del Sesto and Dahling-Sullivan used the strategy map in communicating the new strategy and it clearly presented the reasons and benefits of the new strategy and it lighten opposition substantially. . The departmental managers and the employees of BLO are more empowered after the BSC but the artistic leaders are less. The managers are now more empowered because every department now gets to plan its own scorecard, and describe the ways how the department would meet the high level strategic goals. The employees are with the scorecard more empowered, as they can see the work in a more strategic context and therefore set priorities more efficaciously themselves. However the artistic leaders felt that the scorecard and specially the repertory planning template could limit their opportunities in designing productions. . Del Sesto uses the BSC as a managerial system. The BSC purely concentrates on the big picture everything is found to support strategy. Del Sesto believes that the BSC helps her to steer board members attention to proper tasks. Also, she thanks BSC for helping employees to think more strategically, and with greater clarity towards their objectives. All in all, Del Ses to is clearly more interested on the management aspect of the BSC. One explanation to this is that BLO is a nonprofit organization. Its reason to exist is not to make profit to its owners but to wish culture to the community.All the objectives connected to the three main points are easier to measure with controlling measurements. 6. Kaplan and Norton have analyse the success of BSC implementations in different organizations. They have concluded five principals that contribute greatly to the success. These principals can also be found on BLOs BSC implementation. The process started with planning. Group consisting members from all functions thought in several meeting how the BSC should be made and what BLO is now and what it wants to be. All possible views were brought to conversations and the members were challenged to use their imagination.As a guide the group made three strategic themes which determined the main points to BLOs future strategy. These three big themes were divided to smaller parts and brought to a form that is clear to everyone in the organization. This is similar to Kaplans and Nortons principal 1, where the strategy is translated in to operational terms. The BSC was completed by determining the actions to be made so that the strategy can be fulfill. After this all parts of the organization got to make scorecards of their own and were so committed to the strategy.The whole organization was aligned to meet the strategy (Principle 2). The project succeeded because BLO was able to find the critical processes and finish them through. The personnel were part of the developing strongly. During the process of creating the BSC, the role of the entire staff in boilers suit success was emphasized. This made them easier to adapt the new way of doing things and easier to understand the strategy and how it can be fulfilled (Principle 3). Often when BSC implementation fails it is because the scorecard is considered to be only managements project, just a top-level adjustment.As always with large scale organizational changes, also this project faced some resistance. Some board members and artistic staff were unsure about the motives for changing the old customs. This problem however was solved, as the need for change was successfully communicated through various levels of the organization (Principle 5). Other crucial point which was done well(p) was the targeting. The mission was announced clearly and the goals were easy to understand. The three major themes were chosen wisely and chopped in to smaller pieces well.

Gatorade Sport Drinks Essay Example for Free

Gatorade Sport Drinks EssayGatorade is a brand of flavored non- change sports drinks manufactured by PepsiCo and distributed in over 80 countries. 1 It was first developed in 1965 by researchers at the University of Florida, as a means of replenishing the fluid, carbohydrates and electrolytes that atomic number 18 divested from the carcass during physical exertion. Its name was derived from the schools football team, the Gators. Originally produced and marketplace placeed by Stokley-Van Camp, the Gatorade sports drink brand was obtaind by the trembler Oats Company in 1983, which was acquired by PepsiCo in 2001. As of 2009, Gatorade is PepsiCos 4th- grownupst brand, on the basis of oecumenical annual retail gross sales. It chiefly competes with Powerade and Vitaminwater worldwide, as vigorous as Lucozade Sport in the United Kingdom. inwardly the U. S. , Gatorade accounts for approximately 75 percent market ploughshare in the sports drink category. 2 PepsiCo Inc. (NYSE PEP) is a globose manufacturer, distributor, and vendor of diet for thought and drinkings, owning many well-known brands including Pepsi, Frito-Lay, Tropi arsea, Gatorade, and Quaker Oats. 1 PepsiCo operates in over 200 countries, with its largest markets in compass north the States and the United Kingdom.2 In 2009, the federations tax revenue enhancements were $43. 23 1 trillion million with realize income of $5. 95 billion. 3 Unlike its major opponent, the Coca-Cola Company (KO), the majority of PepsiCos revenues do not come from carbonated soft drinks. 4 In fact, boozings account for less than 50% of measure revenue. 4 Additionally, over 60% of PepsiCos crapulence sales come from its key noncarbonated brands like Gatorade and Tropi bunsa. 5 PepsiCos diverse portfolio can mitigate the impact of poor conditions in any one of its markets.Strong demand return in outside(a) markets the company serves 86% of the worlds population and international sales account for 48% of revenue is portion to offset a sluggish municipal market and provided the company with opportunities for go on expansion. 6 7 PepsiCo is highly exposed to afflictive materials approachs. Prices for the or so important stimulation materials, aluminum, PET plastic, corn, sugar, and juice concentrates fluctuate widely. For example, aluminum prices dupe cliffen well-nigh 60% from their 2008 highs of $1. 50/pound to less than $0. 90/pound. 8.PepsiCo has benefitted from pocket-sizeer input prices after the collapse of the commodities tiptop spike of 2008. Contents 1 Company Overview 1. 1 Quarterly Earnings 1. 2 Bottlers 1. 3 direct Segments 2 Trends Forces 2. 1 PepsiCo Must Survive a US Slowdown While Capturing International entree 2. 2 Commodity Costs are Pressuring Margins 2. 2. 1 Pepsi Must Face a Declining Demand for carbonate Soft Drinks 2. 2. 2 The Dollar Affects International Performance 3 ambition 3. 1 Beverages 3. 2 Snacks and agreeable Foods 3. 3 black eye vs. Pepsi 3. 3. 1 Global remnant 3. 3. 2 Diversified Product Offering4 References On April 20, 2009, PepsiCo made an offer to acquire its dickens largest bottlers, Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) and Whitman (PAS), for $6 billion in a combined cash and stock deal. The deal was turned down, forcing PepsiCo to make a sweetened $7. 8 billion offer on August 4, 2009. PepsiCo hopes to stream mental strain manufacturing and distribution through the acquisitions, allowing it to bring parvenu crossroads to market to a greater extent quickly and efficiently. The company expects to gain full control of 80% of its North the Statesn market and step-up pre-tax pay by $300 million, increasing eps by $.15. 9 The deal adds $4 billion in debt to PepsiCos relaxation sheet. According to PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi, the acquisition is necessary to consolidate mesh as there is not decent total profit in the North the Statesn beverage industry to support trustments in some(prenominal) different com panies. 10 The acquisition closed on March 1, 2010. 11 With the purchase of Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) and Whitman (PAS) in 2010, company executives pick up said that it volition lead to change magnitude joint marketing that will bundle the companys eat and beverage offerings together. 12.In December 2010, PepsiCo denote the purchase of 66% of Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods, a Russian food and beverage company, for $3. 8 billion. After completing this acquisition, the company is planning to buy the re primary(prenominal)ing 34%. 13 Wimm-Bill-Dan is the leading manufacturer of dairy farm products in Russia and they also extradite a large market share for juice the purchase operatively expands Pepsis presence in Eastern Europe and primordial Asia. The addition of Wimm-Bill-Dann moves Pepsi closer to their goal of creating a globose nutrition business worth $20 billion by 2020.14 The acquisition comes three months after the Coca-Cola Companys purchase of Nidan Juices, a leading Russi an juice manufacturer. 15 Company Overview PEP Revenues by Segment16 PepsiCo is the largest morsel and non-alcoholic drink producer in the United States, with 39% and 25% of the respective market shares. 16 Although the carbonated soft drink market in the US has gradually declined since the mid-2000s, PepsiCo has been able to grow revenues and give notice income through product diversification and international expansion. In 2008, the company stick on revenues of $43. 3 billion, a 9. 6% subjoin from 2007 net income down by 9% to $5.1 billion. 17 The increase in revenues was primarily driven by higher(prenominal) sales stacks in the key European and Asian markets as well as company wide price increases. 18 The fall in net income was attributable to two authors. First, PepsiCo recognized a $346 million mark-to-market dismission on derivatives employ to hedge its commodity exposure. 19 Next, the company incurred restructuring costs of $543 million in relation to its Productivi ty for Growth program. 20 PepsiCo expects to playscript another $30-60 million charge in 2009 to complete the program, which will close six plants in an lying-in to streamline PepsiCos global supply chain.20 Quarterly Earnings Q1 2009 In the first prat of 2009, PepsiCo posted revenues of $8. 263 billion, a 1% decrement from Q1 2008 figures net income fell less than 1% to $1. 135 billion. 21 Although net pricing crossways PepsiCos product line change magnitude by 7% during the pull, the company was negatively impacted by a 7% foreign exchange loss due to the specializationening US dollar, as well as a 2% net decrease in sales meretriciousness. 22 Q2 2009 In the second quarter of 2009, PepsiCo posted revenues of $10. 592 billion, a 3% decrease from Q2 2008 figures net income fell less than 1% to $1.66 billion. 23 PepsiCos chromas remained roughly unceasing between the quarters, with snack gaining 1% and beverages losing 1%. The decrease in net revenues was due to a modify of the companys US beverage operations, which fall by 9%, in addition to the strengthening dollar, which adversely bear upon revenues by 8. 5%. Ignoring these changes, revenues would have grown by 5. 5%, driven by gains in the the Latin America Foods and Asia/ center field East/Africa divisions. Net income remained roughly constant as input costs fell in line with net revenues.Ignoring silver fluctuations, Earnings Per Share (EPS) would have grown by 8%. 23 Q3 2009 In the third quarter of 2009, PepsiCo had revenues of $11. 08 billion, a 1. 5% decrease from Q3 2008 net income change magnitude 12% to $2. 23 billion. 24 The increasing value of the US Dollar negatively affected net income by 7% and the company had $9 million in costs associated with its nuclear fusion with PBG and PAS, its two largest bottlers. 25 Worldwide, beverage volume change magnitude 0. 5% while snack volume increase 2%. Frito-Lay North America, the largest division of PepsiCo, grew net revenue by 5% and in creased volume by 3%.26 Through the first three quarters of 2009, Frito-Lay was the smart exploitation consumer goods company in North America. 27 The second largest division, PepsiCo Americas Beverages, precept net revenues decline by 9% and total volume decline of 6%. 28 some(prenominal) Gatorade and Aquafina had double-digit volume declines discussing Gatorade, executives attribute the decline to casual consumers calculate worries and insist that the core consumer, athletes, are still purchasing the brand. 29 In Latin America and Europe, net revenue declined 10% and 2% respectively, driven primarily by foreign silver weakness compared to the US Dollar.30 Q4 2009 In the fourth quarter of 2009, PepsiCo had revenues of $13. 3 billion, a 4. 7% increase from Q4 2008 net income increased 99% to $1. 43 billion. 31 direct income for the quarter was $2 billion. 32 Pepsi American Foods net revenues increased 4%, with a 5% revenues decrease for Quaker Foods macrocosm offset by 2% r evenue return for Frito-Lay and 10% revenue growth for Latin American Foods. Pepsi American Beverages net revenues decreased 2% as a result of a 5% decrease in volume. Pepsi Internationals net revenues increased 5%, supported by 4% revenue growth in Europe and 7% growth in AMEA.Volumes for AMEA increased 13% in the quarter while volumes for Europe decreased 3%. 33 AMEAs strong quarter was based on a 13% increase in snack sales and 5% increase in beverage volumes, with 21% growth in beverage volume in India. 34 However, Chinas beverage volume decreased, which implies a market share loss to Coca-Cola Company (KO), whose China volumes grew 29% during the same period. 35 Q1 2010 In the first quarter of 2010, PepsiCo had revenues of $9. 4 billion, a 13. 4% increase from Q1 2009 net income increased 26% to $1. 4 billion.Operating income for the quarter decreased 47% to $840 million. 36 On February 26, PepsiCo completed the acquisition of its two largest bottlers for approximately $12. 6 billion charges colligate to the merger in this quarter were approximately $282 million . 37 Worldwide snack volume for the quarter increased 1% while beverages volume dropped 0. 5%. Frito-Lays run profit increased 10%, primarily as a result of increased sales of variety product packs and the decreased cost of cooking oil. 38 Quaker Foods revenue decreased 1% because of declines in ready-to-eat cereals and oatmeal, which were partially offset by substantial growth in the Roni brand operating profit declined by 12% mainly as a result of insurance recoveries related to last geezerhood flood at Cedar Rapids. 39In Latin America, favorable net pricing and a 1% increase in volume resulted in a 13% increase in revenues that hostile currency exchange rates in Venezuela (19% decrease) accounted for a 12% decline in operating profit. 40 In Europe, favorable currency exchange rates offset 4% declines in snack and beverage volumes, for net revenues increase of 5% and operating income incre ase of 16%.41 Double-digit growth in snacks and beverages volumes for India and China drove net revenues up 23% and operating income up 17% for the Asia, Middle East, and Africa segment. 42 The companys Americas Beverages segment saw volumes slip 4% (despite a 2% gain from a recent distribution agreement with Dr Pepper Snapple Group (DPS)) with a double-digit decline in Aquafina volume. However, net revenues increased 32% while operating income decreased 83% as a result of the completed merger with PepsiCos two largest bottlers.43 The merger makes comparisons to previous quarters very challenging, however the Americas Beverages segment is in the process of de-emphasizing less-profitable products in favor of higher end offerings, such as Gatorade, which saw tightfittingly 10% volume gains in the quarter. 44 Q2 2010 In the second quarter of 2010, PepsiCo had revenues of $14. 8 billion, up 40% from Q2 2009 net income decreased 3. 4% to $1. 6 billion. Operating income increased 12. 3% to $2. 46 billion. 45 The primary reason for the discrepancy in revenues and net income was the ongoing costs associated with the companys purchase of its primary bottlers.In Q2 2010 charges related to the restructuring decreased income by $155 million. 46 Worldwide volume increased 7% with an 11% increase in beverages and 1% increase in snacks. Frito-Lay pound volume fell 3% but net income increased 2%. The segment also benefited from lower commodity costs, in particular lower prices for cooking oil. Quaker Foods North Americas revenue fell by 4% with a 2% decline in volume that was primarily attributable to a decrease in cereal volume. 47 Latin America Foods net revenue increased 12% with a 2% increase in volume.However, operating profit fell by 5% after an unfavorable court settlement decreased profits by 5% and unfavorable currency exchange rates added another 5% to the decrease. The companys Americas Beverages increased revenues by 112% as a result of the merger with its major bottlers volume for the quarter increased 13% with 8% coming from the acquisition of bottling operations in Mexico and 6% from PepsiCos weight-lift with Dr. Pepper Snapple Group. 48 In Europe, net revenues increased 47% with snack volumes growing at 2% and beverage volume growing at 10%.Sales improved in most of Western Europe and Russia but declined slightly in Eastern European countries such as Romania and Ukraine (with the one exception of double-digit beverage growth in Turkey). 49 In Asia, Middle East, and Africa, where the company has recently invested significant pecuniary resource in increasing manufacturing capabilities, net revenue grew 22%. Snack volume grew 16% and beverage volumes increased by 8%. India saw double-digit growth in some(prenominal) categories, while snack volume in the Middle East and China grew more than 10%. 50 Q3 2010 In the third quarter of 2010, PepsiCo had revenues of $15.5 billion, up nearly 40% from Q3 2009 net income increased more than 11% t o $1. 9 billion. Operating income increased by 25% to $2. 8 billion. 51 The companys volume and revenues increased worldwide for both food (+2. 5%) and beverages (+11%). Quaker Foods was the companys only division that failed to grow its operating income from 2009 with the largest gains posted by North American beverages, Europe, and Latin America Foods. 52 PepsiCo Americas Beverages operating profit grew nearly 80% for the quarter with the majority of this growth related to the companys purchase of its main bottlers in Q1 2010.However, volume grew by 13% during the quarter reflecting 8% growth in Mexico (operations in Mexico were include in the bottling merger), 6% volume growth due to the companys peeled contract with Dr Pepper Snapple Group (DPS), and a 4% decline in carbonated beverages in North America that was more than offset by a 5% increase in non-carbonated beverages. The success of the latter was due primarily to a double-digit increase in volume for Gatorade water sales continued to fall during the quarter. 53In Europe, volume growth related to the bottling merger accounted for a 7% increase, while double-digit growth in Russia, the UK, and Turkey pushed volume up 17% in total. Snack volume for the quarter grew by 3%, again supported by Russia, the UK, Turkey, and France. Both beverages and snack volume fell by more than 10% in Romania during the quarter. 54 Latin America Foods operating profit grew by 22% as a result of a double-digit volume increase in Brazil and nearly 10% increase in volume for the Sabritas brand in Mexico.55 Operating profit for Quaker Foods decreased by more than 5% as a result of a 1% decline in volume, especially for Roni and Oatmeal brands. For Frito-Lay North America, pound volume declined 2% as a result of overlap with the companys 20% More Free promotion sales of Sun Chips fell by more than 10% forced the company to abandon its compostable, albeit noisy, packaging. 56 In the Asia, Middle East, and Africa segment snack volume grew by 16% and beverage volume grew by 4%. Snack volumes grew significantly in the Middle East, China, India, and Australia while only China exhibited strong single-digit beverage growth.57 Bottlers *Note Pepsis acquisition of Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) and PepsiAmericas (PAS) was completed on March 1, 2010 PepsiCos beverage division manufactures concentrated syrup forms for all of Pepsis beverage brands. PEP changes these concentrates to bottlers for production, packaging, and distribution of the final examination products. PepsiCo grants bottlers the use of Pepsi trademarks and other brand rights within certain geographic regions. In August 2009, Pepsi made a $7 billion offer to acquire Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) and PepsiAmericas (PAS).As the US carbonated beverage market shrinks from 60% of all nonalcoholic beverages in 1999 to 35% in 2009 PepsiCo hopes to consolidate the earnings of the three companies for shareholders. 9 Additionally, PepsiCo believes the acquisit ions will streamline company-wide distribution through economies of scales. Three companies distribute 60% of PepsiCos North American beverage volume58 The Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) is the largest of PepsiCos bottlers. PepsiCo has a 33% stake in Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG), and claims its share of income under the equity rule of accounting.59 PepsiAmericas (PAS) is the second-largest bottler in the Pepsi system. PepsiCo has a 43% stake in PepsiAmericas (PAS), and claims its share of income under the equity method of accounting. 60 Pepsi Bottling Ventures is the third-largest domestic bottling company within the Pepsi system. The company was formed in 1999 when five of Pepsis bottling companies consolidated to form PBV. Operating Segments PepsiCo operates in six divisions Frito-Lay North America (29% of Revenue, 43% of Operating Income)61 manufactures, markets and sells branded snacks.Popular products include Lays white potato vine Chips, Doritos Tortilla Chips, Cheetos, Rold Gold Pretzels, and SunChips. 1 Following the companys purchase of Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) and Whitman (PAS), company executives have said that it will lead to increased joint marketing, bundling the companys snack and beverage offerings. 62 Quaker Foods North America (4% of Revenue, 8% of Operating Income)61 manufactures, markets and sells cereals, rice, alimentary paste and other branded products. Popular products include Quaker Oatmeal, Aunt Jemima mixes and syrups, Cap n Crunch cereal, Rice-A-Roni, and support cereal.1 Latin America Foods (14% of Revenue, 13% of Operating Income)61 manufactures, markets and sells a act of leading salty and sweet snack brands. Popular products include Gamesa, Doritos, Cheetos, and Ruffles. 4 PepsiCo Americas Beverages (25% of Revenue, 29% of Operating Income)61 manufactures, markets and sells beverage concentrates, fountain syrups and finished goods, under various beverage brands. Popular products include Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Gatorade, Tropicana, and Izze. 4 United Kingdom Europe (15% of Revenue, 10% of Operating Income)61 manufactures, markets and sells a number of leading salty and sweet snack brands.Popular products include Lays, Walkers, Doritos, and Cheetos. 4 Middle East, Africa, and Asia (13% of Revenue, 8% of Operating Income)61 manufactures, markets and sells a number of leading salty and sweet snack brands. Popular products include Lays, Smiths, Doritos, and Cheetos. 63 Trends Forces PepsiCo Must Survive a US Slowdown While Capturing International Growth Soaring food and energy prices64, the housing slump65 and a modify job market66 are putting the breaks on consumer spending in North America, even in the typically recession proof drinks and snacks market.Emerging markets such as China, India, Eastern Europe and Latin America present strong growth opportunities for Pepsico. In December 2010, Pepsi announced their purchase of Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods, a Russian food and beverage company, for $5. 4 billion67 the purch ase followed Coca-Colas purchase of a Russian juice company for $300 million in summer 2010. 68 Wimm-Bill-Dan is the leading producer of dairy products in Russia and they also have a large market share for juice the purchase significantly expands Pepsis presence in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.The company had sales of $2. 6 billion in 2010 and serves approximately 280 million customers in Eurasia. 69 In addition to making international acquisitions, PepsiCo is investing significant resources in expanding their manufacturing capabilities in developing markets. The company has pledged to invest $3. 5 billion in China through 2013, mainly through the construction of 10 to 12 new manufacturing facilities (in addition to the 27 it currently operates). In China, Pepsi is also pursuing a strategy of buying punt stakes in its Chinese operations from local partners.These acquisitions will give the company greater control over its operations while increasing profits. Unlike the saturated North American market, Chinas carbonated drink market is growing at almost 20% annually. 70 In late August 2010, PepsiCo announced its plan to invest $250 million in new manufacturing plants in Vietnam further expanding its footprint in the region. In the past two historic period, the company invested in two other manufacturing plants in Vietnam, and it currently operates five plants in the country.71 In Latin America, the company has pledged $3 million over the next three years to create an agriculture research center in Peru, which will focus on the discovery of new potato and other vegetable varieties. 72 Pepsis expects their global nutrition business will be worth $20 billion by 2020. 73 Commodity Costs are Pressuring Margins 2007-2009 PET resin prices, ? /pound 74 PepsiCos profitability can be affected directly and indirectly by the costs of various production inputs.PEP is prudent for purchasing the edged materials used to make its products in all its markets and also acts as an agent for the purchase of its bottlers raw materials. Some of the raw materials used by PEP include grains such as corn, stubble flour, oats and rice fruit and vegetable products like oranges, potatoes, and juice concentrates sugar and vegetable and essential oils. For example, aluminum prices have fallen more than 60% from their 2008 highs of $1. 50/pound to less than $0. 65/pound. 8 Changes in the prices of such raw materials could impact total production costs and the companys profit margins.Changes in bottlers production input costs can also indirectly impact PEPs profits. If a bottlers raw materials become more expensive, it readiness pass on the increase to customers, which could lead to a loss of market share as customers belabor to more affordable alternatives. The primary raw materials used by bottlers are high fructose corn syrup, which is used as a sweetener, aluminum, used to make cans, and PET Resin, used for plastic bottles. In an reason to insulate itself fr om market forces, PepsiCo has invested $29. 3 million in five farms in China, making it one of the countrys largest country companies.75 The farms primarily produce potatoes for the companys potato chip brands and by 2005, the company was the largest private potato grower in the country. 76 In her 2008 visit to China, CEO Indra Nooyi said that the company is planning to invest $1 billion in China by 2012. 77 In addition to its farms in China, Pepsi has 12,000 contract farmers in India growing potatoes on 16,000 the three estates of land. In addition to potatoes, the company is hoping to expand its contract farming initiative to include oats in the near future. 78Pepsi Must Face a Declining Demand for Carbonated Soft Drinks Consumer demand for CSD has been negatively affected by concerns about health and wellness. Since 1999, carbonated soft drinks have dropped from 60% to 35% of total US beverage volume. 9 Rising health and wellness concerns can be attributed to increasing concern for obesity as well as education campaigns on the part of the FDA as well as non-profit groups. Public campaigns to ban sales of soft drinks and fatty snacks in schools have also negatively impacted demand for sugary sodas.These factors have driven a shift in consumption away from CSD to healthier alternatives, such as tea, juices, and water. heretofore within the CSD segment, consumers have been moving away from the sugared drinks, opting instead for diet beverages, which do not for the most part contain any sugar or calories. In response to this shift in consumer demand, PEP has increased its development of both diet CSD and non-CSD beverages. With its popular Tropicana and Gatorade brands, PepsiCo is much better situated than Coca-Cola Company (KO) to react to these ever-changing trends.Facing lower Gatorade sales in 2010, Pepsi developed a social marketing department to lede the brands performance and online reputation. By tracking user discussions online and Gatorade groups on Facebook, the company has been able to quickly respond to consumer demands. The results of Pepsis new marketing initiative is inconclusive because the brand rose 2. 4% during the first one-half of 2010 but this is compared with low sales in 2009. 79 The Dollar Affects International Performance Changes in the strength of the dollar compared to foreign currency could impact the company by decreasing both costs and revenue in dollars.As the strength of the dollar increases, all sales made in foreign currency end up being worth less because the amount of US dollars the company gets per sale decreases. On the other hand the cost of foreign inputs (food and other commodities that go into PepsiCo products) sold in foreign currencies would decrease with the strengthening dollar. Since over half of PepsiCos sales are in international markets, the increasing value of the dollar could be a significant factor driving revenues down overseas. Specifically the company primarily deals with the British Pound, Euro, Australian dollar, and Canadian dollar. mingled with July and December 2008, the dollar regained nearly all its 2007 losses against foreign currencies, and has continued this trend through 2009. 23 Competition 2008 U. S. non-alcoholic beverage market by volume80 Beverages In the domestic beverage market, the Coca-Cola Company (KO) is PepsiCos main competitor. In 2008, Coca-Cola had a 23% share of the U. S. non-alcoholic beverage volume, while PEP held a 25% share. Coca-Cola Company (KO) has a higher worldwide share of carbonated soda beverages, but PepsiCo has a more diverse product line and leads the industry in non-carbonated soft drink innovations.81 PepsiCos revenues are also substantially higher than Coca-Colas, due to PepsiCos snack and contented foods business, a market in which KO does not participate. PepsiCos presence in the snack and convenient food industries, as well as its industry-leading innovations in the non-carbonated soft drink segment, give s it a somewhat more balanced portfolio than Coca-Cola and provides the company with some protection against further declining demand for CSD. Pepsi also pays the Dr Pepper Snapple Group (DPS) for the rights to sell its products, along with Coca-Cola Company (KO).In December 2009, Pepsi agreed to pay Dr Pepper Snapple Group (DPS) $900 million for the continued rights to sell Dr. Pepper products quest the companys acquisition of its North American bottlers. 82 This deal was similar to a contract signed by Coke and Dr. Pepper in June 2010, worth $$715 million, that gave Coke similar distribution rights following their acquisition of Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE). 83 Snacks and Convenient Foods 2008 U. S. Snack Market by volume80 PepsiCos Frito-Lay and Quaker brands compete in various move of the larger food industry.Its snack foods manufactured by the Frito-Lay segment hold a commanding share of the U. S. market, accounting for around 39% of domestic snack food sales in 2006. PepsiCos main competitor in the food market overall is Kraft Foods (KFT). Krafts products include snacks, cheese, diary, and cereal products, which puts it in competition both with Frito-Lay and Quaker products. Much like the Coca-Cola Company (KO), Kraft does not participate in both the food and soft drink markets, giving PEP the advantage of having a more diverse offering of products. Coke vs. PepsiFor decades now, Coke and Pepsi have battled for our hearts and minds but what about our capital? Which company will add the scoop flavor to your investment portfolio? Although both companies share powerful brand names and global franchises, there are two important distinctions between Pepsico and Coca-Cola that any investor should consider before choosing between these comestible titans Global Footprint When it comes to international presence, Coca-Cola easily trumps Pepsico. In 2009, Coca-Cola generated 74% of its revenue overseas compared to 48% revenue for Pepsico.8485 Coca-Colas impressiv e global footprint puts it in a better position to benefit from strong growth across the globe, particularly in the developing world. Furthermore, because Coke generates so much of its revenue abroad, it stands to benefit greatly from the continuing weakening of the dollar as sales denominated in foreign currencies are suddenly worth more dollars back home. At the same time, Pepsicos heavy dependence on North America makes it much more supersensitized to a slowing US economy. Diversified Product Offering.Another important distinction between the two companies is their product offering. While KO is essentially a one-product company that focuses on beverages, Pepsico has a much broader product base that includes beverages, foods and snacks. Coca-Colas heavy dependence on beverages, particularly carbonated beverages, makes it more susceptible than Pepsico to a growing aversion to soda which is perceived as fattening and unhealthy. On the other hand, Pepsicos extensive portfolio of be verages, foods and snacks puts it in a better position from the trend to healthier eating.